新目标英语七年级下册所有语法归类
从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。
1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。
3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
主谓一致关系应遵循三项原则，即：语言意义上一致、语法形式上一致和就近原则。
语言意义上一致：当主语在形式上是单数，意义上是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；当主语在形式上是复数而意义上是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
一。 集体名词，如：family，team，class等作主语时，如果作为一个单位（整体）看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为整体中的各个成员看待时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
一、概念不同：
一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。而现在进行时表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。如：
She often does her homework in the evening. 她经常在晚上做作业。
She is doing her homework now. 现在她正在做作业。
二、在构成方式上的不同：
一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况：
①be动词的一般现在时形式：am，is，are.
②动词have的一般现在时形式：have，has.
③其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。
而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是：am/is/are+动词的-ing形式（现在分词）。
三、时间状语不同：
一般现在时的时间状语主要有：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，every day，on Sundays，in the morning/afternoon/evening等；
现在进行时的时间状语主要有：now，these days，this week，at the moment等，有时句首有“Look！”、“Listen！”或“It’s+时刻”等词、句存在。如：
We play football in the afternoon.我们在下午踢足球。（一般现在时）
My mother is reading a newspaper now. 我妈妈正在看报纸。（现在进行时）
四、感情色彩不同：
一般现在时往往不带任何感情色彩，语气比较肯定。现在进行时常带有一定的感情色彩，并多与always， often等副词连用。如：
Mr. Li works hard in the factory. 李先生在工厂工作努力。（说明事实，语气比较肯定）
Mr. Li is always working hard in the factory.李先生在工厂工作一直很努力。（表示赞扬）
五、用语范围不同：
某种表示情感、意识（如want，like，know等）；表示“有”的have等动词，一般不用于现在进行时，但可用于一般现在时。如：
我现在就想回家。
误：I am wanting to go home now.
正：I want to go home now.
他有一台电脑。
误：He is having a computer.
正：He has a computer.
六、时间范围不同：
这两种时态所表示的时间范围都可能有“过去——现在——将来”的意味，但相对而言，一般现在时持续的时间较长，甚至无限。而现在进行时持续的时间较短，可能片刻完成。如：
She comes from Shanghai. 她是上海人。
She is coming from Shanghai.她正从（或即将从）上海来
My family is a small one， but my family all like watching football matches.
（前者指“家庭”，后者指“家人”）
二。 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Of all things， people are the most important.
三。 “百分数词/分数词 + of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但“百分数词 / 分数词 + of + 不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
2/3 of the workers are from Japan.
40 percent of my homework has been finished.
四。 表示“金钱、时间、距离、重量”等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
100 years is not long.
五。 all作主语，如果指代人或可数名词含有复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指代抽象性事物时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
All are here. 大家都在这儿。
All is going on well. 一切进展顺利。
六。 “none of + 不可数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式，“none + of 复数代词/ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如：
None of the food was wasted.
None of us knows / know how to work out the problem.
七。 Chinese， Japanese， deer， sheep等单、复数同形的名词作主语时，它们自身在句中的意义决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。如：
Chinese is one of the eight subjects we must study at school.（Chinese指语言）
These five Chinese are studying English in London.（Chinese指中国人）
语法形式上一致：是指谓语动词与主语的人称和数保持一致。
一、each，another，the other，either，someone，somebody，everyone，everybody，anyone，anybody，something，anything，nothing，no one等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：
Someone is asking for you.
二、“each/ every + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、非谓语动词（短语）、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
To learn English well is not easy.
When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown.
四、“one and a half + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
One and a half years has passed.
五、and连接的两个单数名词，前面如有each，every，any，no等修饰时，谓语用单数形式。如：
No teacher and no student is reading.
六。 both，all，few，several，many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
All his friends have come.
就近原则：是指谓语的单复数形式应跟最靠近谓语动词的那个主语的单复数形式相一致。
一、“there be句型”中。如：
There is a boy and three girls in that room.
There are four deer and one bear in that zoo.
二、由“or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…”；连接两个并列主语。如：
Either you or I am going there
“be＋过去分词”这个结构既可能是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。二者形式相同，但意义不一样。被动语态表示动作，句子主语是动作的承受者；系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。我们可以根据以下几点来区别这样的结构到底是被动语态，还是系表结构。
一、根据句中有无by引导的短语
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者常用by引导的短语来表示。因此，如果句中有“be＋过去分词＋by短语”结构，通常就是被动语态。试比较：
The window was closed by my mother. （被动语态）
The window was closed. （系表结构）
二、根据句子的时态
被动语态有多种时态，可用于一般时、将来时、进行时和完成时。而系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。像下面几个句子，只能是被动语态，而不可能是系表结构。
New products are being made. 新产品正在制造中。
The book has already been translated into many languages.
这本书已被译成多种语言。
The meeting will be put off. 会议将延期。
三、根据句子状语
若“be＋过去分词”结构是一般现在时或一般过去时，我们可以根据句子的状语来区别是被动语态还是系表结构。
1. “be＋过去分词”结构是一般现在时，且句子中有always, usually, often等频度副词说明动作反复发生，则为被动语态。例如：
The shop is usually opened at eight.
商店通常八点钟开门。
2. 当“be＋过去分词”结构是一般过去时，且句中有表示时间、地点、方式的状语，多为被动语态。例如：
The factory was built in 1980’s.
这家工厂是二十世纪八十年代建的。
四、根据谓语动词
不是所有的过去分词都可以作表语，来表示主语所处的状态。只有一部分可以这样用。常见的能这样用的过去分词有：covered, broken, married等。例如：
The glass is broken. 那个杯子坏了。
She got married. 她结婚了
▲引导状语从句的连接词
1. 引导时间状语从句的连词主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/ until, as soon as等。如：
When I got home, he was having supper.
2. 引导原因状语从句的连词有because, since, as, for等。如：
I missed the train because I got up late.
3. 引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so/ such...that..., so that等。如：
She is so short that she can’t reach the buttons of the lift.
4. 引导让步状语从句的连接词有though, although, even if, even though, however/ no matter how, whatever/ no matter what等。如：
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
5. 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless, as long as等。如：
You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard on it.
▲引导宾语从句的连接词
一般来说，宾语从句的引导词是根据从句的原句句式而定：原句是陈述句时，用引导词that；原句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether；原句是特殊疑问句时，引导词用原疑问词。如：
I am glad（that）you’ve passed the exam.
I don’t know if/ whether it will rain tomorrow.
I wonder where he got so much money.
〔热点二〕对主、从句时态呼应的考查
▲状语从句的时态
以when, as soon as, before, after, until等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句，当主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般将在时表示将来。如：
I’ll tell you as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
▲宾语从句的时态
1. 宾语从句的时态要和主句时态相呼应。当主句谓语动词是过去时态时，宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时）。如：
Li Lei told me that he was getting ready for the exam these days.
2. 若主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句可根据情况选用恰当的时态。如：
The radio reports that it’s going to rain this afternoon.
3. 若从句表示自然现象或客观真理时，其时态常用一般现在时，而不受主句限制。如：
Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.
〔热点三〕对复合句简化的考查
▲含有状语从句的复合句转化为简单句
so...that...引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enough to”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too...to”结构互换，也可以改为“not + adj./ adv. + enough to”。如：
The room is so large that it can hold 1,000 people. →The room is large enough to hold 1,000 people.
▲含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句
1. 主句谓语动词为hope, wish, agree, decide, choose等，其后带（that）宾语从句，若主从句主语一致时，从句可以简化成不定式结构。如：
He decides that he will visit our school.→He decides to visit our school.
2. 主句的谓语动词为感官动词see, hear, watch或find等时，宾语从句常简化成“感官动词find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此时宾语由从句的主语转化而来，而宾语补足语多为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
I saw that some children were playing in the park.→I saw some children playing in the park.
3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当主从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：
I don’t know how I can get there. →I don’t know how to get there.
〔热点四〕对两类从句综合起来考查
1. 从引导词看，if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，意为“是否”；充当从属连词，引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”；充当从属连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候”。
2. 从时态看，if和when作连接词，引导宾语从句时，宾语从句中和谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化；if和when充当从属连词，引导表示将来动作或状态的条件状语从句或时间状语从句时，若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
1. 作主语
作主语的不定式如果很短，通常位于句首，如：To see is to believe.若不定式（短语）较长时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（即动词不定式）放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。常见句型为：“It”s +名词（for + sb）+ to do sth“和”It“s +形容词（for / of + sb）+ to do sth”。注意：在这个句型结构中，若形容词表示与人有关的“赞美”或“批评”时用of，如kind，nice，good，clever，bad等；否则用for.如：
It“s easy for you to answer the question.
It“s very kind of you to help me.
2. 作表语
动词不定式可以作be，seem，appear等系动词的表语。如：
Her job is to take care of these children.
3. 作状语
动词不定式放在come，go，stop等动词后作目的状语；放在sorry，glad，surprised，pleased，angry等形容词后作原因状语；动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。注意：too…to与so…that…和（not）…enough to…可以相互转换：如：
She is so weak that she can“t move the box.
=She is too weak to move the box.
=She is not strong enough to move the box.
4. 疑问词+不定式
疑问词+不定式=名词短语，可作主语、宾语或表语。注意：名词短语可以由名词从句转换而来；疑问代词what，which，whom可以作宾语，疑问副词how，when，where，whether不能作宾语。如：
I didn“t know what I should do. = I didn”t know wheat to do.
I didn“t know how I should do it. = I didn”t know how to do it.
5. 几种不带to的动词不定式句式
had better…， Why not…？ Will / Would you please…？等句型后接不带to的不定式。如：
You had better stay at home.
Why not see a doctor？
现在进行时表示某人正在做某事，它不仅有肯定式、否定式和一般疑问式，还有特殊疑问式。从陈述句变成疑问句可以从以下几个方面进行提问：
「对主语提问」
首先要看清楚句子的主语是表示人的词还是表示事物的词。如果主语是表示人的词，将该主语改为who；如果主语是表示事物的词，则改为what.例如：
①Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→Who is playing football in the park now？
②The horse is running fast.
→What is running fast？
「对句子的谓语提问」
现在进行时的谓语由is，am或are加动词的-ing形式构成。对句子的谓语部分进行提问，要使用疑问词 what，然后将原句的谓语动词改为 doing，最后可别忘了将原来的宾语去掉。例如：
Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→What is Wang Ping doing in the park now？
「对句子的宾语进行提问」
如果宾语是表示人的词，用whom提问；如果宾语是表示事物的词，用what提问，将whom或what 放在句首。例如：
①Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→What is Wang Ping doing in the park now？
②Tom is helping John over there.
→Whom is Tom helping over there？
「对句子的状语进行提问」
首先要弄清楚句子的状语是作什么用的。一般来说，表示时间的状语用when提问；表示地点的状语用where提问；表示做事方式的状语用how提问。例如：
①Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→When is Wang Ping playing football in the park？
②Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→Where is Wang Ping playing football now？
③They are working hard in the fields.
→How are they working in the fields？
1.先行词表示时间、地点、原因，但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，应用关系代词that或which.如：
I’ll never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
（作主语）
我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days （that/which） I wasted in the woods.
（作宾语）
我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. （作主语）
这就是那个生产小汽车的工厂。
This is the factory （that/which） he visited yesterday.
（作宾语）
这就是他昨天参观的工厂。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. （作主语）
这是一个没道理的理由。
This is the reason （that/which） he raised. （作宾语）
这是他提出的理由。
2. 关系副词有时相当于 “适当的介词+关系代词”。如：
① where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
这就是他住的房间。
I can see the desk where / on which there is a book.
我能看见上面有一本书的那张桌子。
② when= on/in/at which
I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一年。
I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。
I still remember the date when/at which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那个日子。
③ why=for which
This is the reason why / for which he was killed.
这是他被杀害的原因。
3. 当先行词为time表示 “次数”时，常用关系词that或省去关系词，而不用when来引导定语从句。如：
This is the first/last time that I shall give you a lesson.
这是我第一次/最后一次给你们上课。
4. 当point，situation等词作先行词表抽象的地点，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used？ 你能设想这个单词被使用的场合吗？
Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day during the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Chengdu are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, during the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on duty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves
转自http://www.baidu.com/s?tn=sitehao123&bs=%B9%D8%D3%DA%D1%A7%CF%B0%B5%C4%D3%A2%CE%C4%B9%CA%CA%C2&f=8&wd=%C6%DF%C4%EA%BC%B6%CF%C2%D3%A2%D3%EF%D3%EF%B7%A8%B9%E9%C4%C9
人教版新目标英语七年级（下）各单元知识概要
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一、词组
be from= come form 来自...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友
like and dislike 好恶；爱憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 讲英语
play sports 做体育运动
a little French 一些法语
go to the movies 去看电影
an action movie 一部动作片
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 对不起，打扰
get to 到达、抵达
beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
arrive at /
二、句型
（1）、Where主 +be+主语＋from?
主语＋be+from+地点.
（2）、Where do/does+主语＋live?
主语＋live/lives in…
（3）、What language do/does +主语+speak?
主语＋speak/speaks….
（4）、主语＋like/likes+doing…
三、日常交际用语
1－Where is your pen pal from?
－He’s from China.
2－Where does she live?
-－She lives in Tokyo.
3－Does she speak English?
－Yes,she does/No,she dosen’t.
4－Is that your new pen pal?
－Yes,he is /No,he isn’t.
5－What language does she speak?
－She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
一、词组
post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公用电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对面
in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边／在左边
on one’s right/left 在某人的右边／左边
turn right/left 向右／左转
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得开心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的／乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...走
go through...穿过...
have a good trip 旅途愉快
二、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here?
Yes,there is .It’s on Centre Street.
No,there isn’t.
(2)、Where’s the sumpermarket?
It’s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
(4)、I hope you have a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.
Do you enoy(=like) your work?
Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、日常交际用语
(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.
-Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:
-Where is the park,please?
-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如：
- Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如：
-How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点？句型.例
- Can you tell me the way to the post office?
(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
一、词组
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 让某人做某事
kind of 有几分\种类
a kind of 一种…
…years old …年龄 如：ten years old 十岁
like to do sth 喜欢做某事
like doing sth
play with … 与...一起玩
be quiet 安静
during the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
have a look at.. 看...
one…the other 一个...另一个...
二、句型
(1)、-why do you like pandas?
-Because they’re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like?
-I like elephants.
三、日常交际用语
(1)、-Let’s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions?
-Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes?
Yes,I do./ No,I don’t
(4)-What other animal do you like?
_I like dogs.too
other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围
the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.
(5)-Why are you looking at me?
-Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great!
Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一、词组
want to be+职业 想要成为。。。
shop assistant 店员
bank clerk 银行职员
work with 与。。。一起工作
work hard 努力工作
work for 为。。。而工作
work as 作为。。而工作
get.. from…从。。。获得。。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人
正确的表示：give it/them to sb.
错误的表示：give sb.it/them
in the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
talk to /with 与…讲话
go out to dinners 外出吃饭
in a hospital 在医院
newspaper reporter 报社记者
movie actor 电影演员
二、句型
(1)-What do/does+某人+do?
例：-What do you do?-I’m a student.
-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?
例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.
-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work?
-She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat
Yes.he does/No,he doesn’t
(5)-Does she work late?
-Yes,she does/No.she doesn’t
(6)－英语中询问职业的几种表达方式：
What do/does …do?
What is…? What is your father?
What’s one’s job?例：What’s your father’s job?
Unit 5 I’m watching TV.
一、词组
do homework 做家庭作业
watch TV 看电视
eat dinner 吃饭；就餐
clean the room 打扫房间
read newspaper/a book 看报纸／看书
go to the movies 看电影
write a letter 写信
wait for 等待；等候
talk about 谈论。。。。
play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球／踢足球
take photos 拍照
TV show 电视节目
Some of。。。 。。。中的一些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照
at school 在学校
be with 和。。。一起
in the tree 在树上
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么？
-主语＋be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例： －what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢
例：Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例：Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是：
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raning!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于（做）某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型／日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
medium height/build 中等高度／身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼镜
have a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like dumplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三\日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you?
--I’d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、词组
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作业
如：do my homework 做我的家庭作业
play +运动或棋类
如：play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +乐器 如：play the guitar 弹吉他
go to the movies 去看电影
do some reading 阅读
study for the (math) test 准备（数学）考试
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜访某人
go shopping 去购物
last month 上个月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 寻找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了
二、句型
（1）I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.
过去式的构成
(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不规则动词的过去
am/is—was are—were have-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组
ptetty good 相当好；不错
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有点无聊
be lost 迷路
feel happy 感到高兴
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park 中央公园
the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very happy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”，“做某事很有趣”
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事（to可省）
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬动) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事（整个过程）
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、词组
talk show 谈话节目
soap opera 肥皂剧
sports show 体育节目
game show 比赛节目
think of 认为
how about… …怎么样？＝what about…
in fact 事实上
a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩＝ The boy is thirteen years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …谈话
thanks for… 为…感谢
each student 每个学生
key ring 钥匙链
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can’t stand 不能忍受
don’t mind 不介意／无所谓／不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如：What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.
一、词组
school rules 学校规章制度
break the rules 违反规章制度
in the hallways 在过道
listen to music 听音乐
in the music room 在音乐教室里
in the dining hall 在餐厅
sports shoes 运动鞋
gym class 体育课
after school 放学后
have to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o’clock 十点之前
make dinner 做饭
the children’s palace 少年宫
二、句型
(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you have to do?
-- We have to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can’t.
(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don’t.
重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1)Be型（即系动词原型be+表语＋其他）。
如：Be quiet,please.
否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。
如：Don’t be angry.
2)Do型（即系动词原形＋宾语＋其他）。如：
Open you books,please.
否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。
如：Don’t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：
Let me help you.
Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：
Let’ not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：
No smoking! 严禁吸烟！
No talking! 不许交谈！
No passing! 禁止通行！
No parking! 不许停车
诶，我的英语也很差⊙＾⊙郁闷
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