SAT语法题当中的问题
只要把它改为条件状语从句就会一目了然。
从句：If Portuguese Kings were contrasted with most other fifteenth-century rulers,如果用葡萄牙的国王与大多数其它的十五世纪的统治者相对照 （由主动语态 contrasrt sb. with 变来的被动语态）
主句： Portuguese Kings could count on the support of the aristocracy in any overseas ventures. 葡萄牙的国王可以依靠在任何海外探险中的贵族的支持。
由此看来，原句是用过去分词短语 Contrasted with ...作状语，其逻辑主语是 Portuguese Kings，它与动词 constract 是动宾关系 。
因此你改为 Contrasted with 是正确的。
改成for之前：当观众鼓掌时讲话者没上过讲台但是两秒钟
改成for之后：当观众鼓掌时讲话者还没在讲台上待够两秒钟
第二题：正面冲突不再是最常用的方法预示着民族关系的进步 presages预示 progress进步...
我觉得你可能把was放错地方了... 这个句子这么分 The fact/ that the techiniques of confrontation is no longer as popular as it once was/ presages progress in race relations
也就是说句子想表达 The fact presages progress 所以presages 和progress不是一个词组...
应该不会的... 除非有人在网上上传了那本书... 不然挺难发现你是抄袭... 不过建议你还是该写一些细节...
这种题目需要从两方面分析。
一、James Cutler, these innovative dwellings are sensitive to theirnatural setting,【theycomplement】the woodedoutlines of the landscape 属于两个并列句。句子的并列，要么用连词and（或者 or/but）承接，要么用分号表示这两个句子的密切关系。
显然，句中用的是逗号，因此这样用是错误的。
二、分词短语作状语，与主体句子的主语存在逻辑关系。现在分词是该主语实施的行为，过去分词表示该主语是这个分词的行为对象。
本句的主语是these innovative dwellings，主体句带有两处作状语的分词短语。
Designed bySeattle architect James Cutler 等于 (these innovative dwellings are) designed by Seattle architect JamesCutler 省略了括号中的主语和助动词，可见该主语是 design 的行为对象。
complementing thewooded outlines of the landscape 等于 (these innovative dwellings) complement the wooded outlines of thelandscape除省略了括号的行为实施者外，还把本来是谓语动词的 complement 变成现在分词。
由此可见，这两处的分词与句子主语都存在着合理的逻辑关系，说明它们的逻辑主语都是明确的。
基于上述分析，此处理所当然要用现在分词 commplementing。
第一种情况那样的话，它指的就是前面的主语，所以只可能是dwellings complementing一种情况。就是doing直接做状语的话，主语就是前面主句的主语不变了
第二种做从句，应该不能加逗号吧。。虽然说SAT里面which不能指代事件，但是它说的就是“那些innovative dwelling补充了wooded outine啊”，用natural setting不大顺
分析句子成分，最后小半句肯定是修饰成分，首先排除which complement,因为非限制性定语从句修饰的是逗号前第一个名词，这个修饰句子显然是修饰的dwellings而不是setting.
现在分词作伴随状语。你的主要问题是没掌握现在分词做状语的几种情况：
doing sth 作状语的分类
☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如：
▲doing sth.作时间状语：
﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.
﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
▲doing sth.作原因状语：
Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
▲doing sth.作结果状语：
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）。（making 可以改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。）
﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.
他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。
=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.
=He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very angry.
﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.
玛丽未能通过一门考试，这是她父母非常生气。
﹡European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games in the world.(NMET1998全国卷)
﹡The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
﹡She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
▲doing sth.作条件状语：
Listening to English every day （If you listen to English every day）， you’ll learn it well step by step.
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
▲doing sth.作让步状语：
Working so hard, he failed again.
Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
☆理解技巧：
分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
▲doing sth.作方式状语：
He came running back to tell me the news.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
▲doing sth.作伴随状语：
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。（☆过去分词短语也可以作伴随状语）
☆理解技巧：
理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。
英语中V-ing形式作伴随状语时,它表示的是一个次要的动作,来对谓语表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。例如:1.Don’t sit there doing nothing.Come and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌
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