有关于if从句的使用方法 特别是跟疑问句时用法

作者&投稿:惠审 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句构成的从句~

He asked me if the students were cleaning the reading room.
He asked me whether the students were cleaning the reading room or not.
用if的话就直接加从句
用whether的话就要用whether…or not结构
who的话,就直接代替从句中表示主语的成分 也就是the student 变成He asked me who were cleaning the reading room?

1.关于主语从句陈述语序
(1)陈述句做主语从句,用that引导.
(2)一般疑问句做主语从句,用whether引导,不可以用if
(3)特殊疑问句做主语,从句用疑问词引导,太长可以用it代替,主语移到后面.

2.有关直接引语中的用法
直接引语为一般疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,变为间接引语的方法
(1)用if/whether连接
(2)主句中动词若为said---asked
(3)由疑问语序变为陈述语序
(4)6大变化
直接引语为特殊疑问句时
(1)用原疑问词连接
(2)语序变为陈述语序
(3)6大变化

6大变化指:人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语,动词
人称变化 : 规律,一随主,二随宾,三不变(其中一,二,三是指直接引语中的第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,主是主句的主语,宾是主句的宾语,若无宾语看作第一人称)
时态变化 :变为原时态过去的那个时态.前提,主句为一般过去时,如果主句是现在时,时态不变.
a.一般现在时变为一般过去时(am/is/are 动词---过去式)
b.现在进行时变为过去进行时(am/is are+doing---was/were+doing)
c.一般将来时变为过去将来时(will/shall+do---would/should+do)
d.一般过去时变为过去完成时(过去式---had+过分)
e.现在完成时变为过去完成时(have/has+过分---had+过分)
*特例:当直接引语为普遍真理的时候,时态不变;当直接引语中含有明确表示过去的时间状语,如日期,时态不变.
指示代词的变化 : this---that , these---those
时间状语的变化 : now---then , today---that day , tonight---that night , this week---that week , tomorrow---the next day , yesterday---the day before , last week---the week before , 3 years ago---3 years before
地点状语的变化 : here---there
动词的变化 : come---go

if作为从属连词,可引导条件状语从句、让步状语从句和名词从句。
if引导条件状语从句,从句可为真实条件从句,也可为虚拟条件从句。如为真实条件从句,谓语用陈述语气,表示可能性很大,作“假使”“如果”解,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如果if从句中用will,表示意愿。从句如为虚拟条件从句,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表示可能性不大或与过去事实相反,作“要是,假如”解。
if引导的条件从句中可以省略be和主语。
if可引导让步状语从句,作“虽然,即使”解,常和even连用。
if可引导名词性从句,作“是否”解,常放在ask, doubt, know, learn, see, wonder等动词后。一般用在口语中,而且不能用于句首。
if可以表示惊奇或愤怒。用于陈述语气的否定句时,意义则是肯定的。
If ever...在现代英语中,表示强调,用于加强主句的意思,往往含有否定意思。

扩展资料:
if, in case这两个词(组)的共同意思是“以防万一”。二者均可引导条件从句,辨析如下:
if可用于任何时间,而in case只指将来时间。例如:
I am taking an umbrella in case it rains later on.
我带着一把伞,以防一会儿下雨。
I'll take an umbrella if it rains later on.
要是一会儿下雨,我就拿把伞。
if, whether这两个词的共同意思是“假使,如果”。辨析如下:
1.if从句可以表示希望; 而whether从句单纯表示事实。
2.if不能用在介词之后的间接疑问句中; 而whether可以。
3.if不能用在“to+动词原形”的前面; 而whether可以。
4.if不能引导主语、表语从句; 而whether可以。

1. (表示条件)如果 ,主句用将来时,if从句用现在时表示将来
He will come if you invite him.
如果你请他,他会来的。
2. (表示虚拟)假如,要是

1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 : 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型: 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c. 表示对将来的假想
句型: 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

3. 是否 = whether 连接宾语从句
I wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了。

1. (表示条件)如果
He will come if you invite him.
如果你请他,他会来的。
2. (表示虚拟)假如,要是
If I were you, I would never do that.
如果我是你,我决不做那件事。
3. (表示让步)即使
We'll go even if it rains.
即使下雨我们也要去。
4. 是否
I wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了。
5. (表示因果关系)每一次...的时候(总是会)
If I feel any doubt, I inquire.
我一感到有疑问就随时询问。
n.
1. 条件;设想[C]
There are too many ifs in his offer.
他的提议中条件太多了。

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