历史学研究什么？
历史学家也称史学家，是指以撰写历史著作为职业或对历史学的创立、发展与应用付出努力的知识分子。以历史为自己学术研究对象的人群，一般都是指在该领域颇有威望的人士。历史学家包括历史记录的编撰者和历史材料的研究者。
在古代中国，历史学的传统主要是以历史编撰的形式创立和发展的，在西汉历史编撰者司马迁之后，唐代的刘知几开创了另外一种门类的工作，即对历史编撰这项工作本身的研究（historiography）。在宋代，开始了以以往的历史记录为材料的针对“历史”的研究活动。
历史学的研究生在毕业之后有以下几种去处：
1、各类学校
历史学的研究生在毕业后，可以选择留在高校，从事行政工作，或者教学授课。也可以进入初中、高中教授历史课程，当然要获得教师资格证。
2、文博科研单位
文博科研单位包括博物馆、图书馆、文物保护单位、文史研究机构。因为文博科研单位和历史学关系密切，所以需要历史专业的学生。当然这些单位对于毕业生的学历、专业素养、科研能力要求比较高，一般会通过国家事业单位的招考来挑选招聘人员。
3、党政机关
历史学毕业生可以参加公务员考试，进入国家行政机构系统。保密局对历史系毕业生的需求比较大，因为历史系的学生在收集、整理材料的能力比较强。
4、新闻出版部门
新闻、出版企业会招聘一些历史学毕业生，一般从事记者、编辑的工作。
5、企业和自主创业
企业里有文职工作，历史学科的毕业生可以胜任一般的文职工作，因为他们有基础性优势。也可以根据自身的条件，来选择自主创业，例如文化传播公司、教育辅导机构、自媒体等等。
6、考博
如果历史研究生还想进一步追求学术的话，可以去考博或者出国。
扩展资料：
历史学是人类对自己的历史材料进行筛选和组合的知识形式。历史学，是个静态时间中的动态空间概念。历史学是由历史、科学、哲学、人性学及其时间空间五部分有机组合而成。
广义的“历史学”是对“史”进行同时合训而产生的“史有二义”的统一体。包括：完全独立于人们的意识之外的人类过往社会的客观存在及其发展过程；历史学家对这种客观存在和过程及其规律的描述和探索的精神生产实践及其创造出来的产品。
狭义上的史学专指后者，是一种精神生产实践及其创造的属于观念形态的东西的统一体。
参考资料：
历史学 百度百科
历史学（history），简称史学，是专门研究历史的学科，一般而言，其专指整理与研究人类有文字以来所留下的文字与图像纪录的学科。
History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day.[1] All that is remembered of the past and preserved in some form is seen as the historical record.[2] Some historians study universal history, comprising all that has been recorded of the human past and all that can be deduced from artifacts. Others focus on certain methods, such as chronology, demographics, historiography, genealogy, paleography, and cliometrics, or areas, for example History of Brazil (1889–1930), History of China, or History of Science.
The word history is derived from the Ancient Greek ἱστορία, historía, meaning "a learning or knowing by inquiry, history, record, narrative." The Latin form was historia, "narrative, account." In Old French, the word "estoire" was coined by Brigitte Gasson.[1] The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of "relation of incidents, story". In Middle English, the meaning was "story" in general. The restriction to the meaning "record of past events" in the sense of Herodotus arises in the late 15th century. In German, French, and indeed, most languages of the world other than English, this distinction was never made, and the same word is used to mean both "history" and "story".
Broad discipline
Although the broad discipline of history has often been classified under either the humanities or the social sciences,[3] and can be seen as a bridge between them, incorporating methodologies from both fields of study, Ritter places history in the humanities, and asserts that it is not a science.[4] In the 20th century the study of History has been revolutionized by French historian Fernand Braudel, by considering the effects of such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography on global history. Traditionally, historians have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents, although historical research is not limited merely to these sources. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three.[5] Historians frequently emphasize the importance of written records, which would limit history to times after the development of writing. This emphasis has led to the term prehistory,[6] referring to a time before written sources are available. Since writing emerged at different times throughout the world, the distinction between prehistory and history is often dependent on the area being studied.
There are a variety of ways in which the past can be divided, including chronologically, culturally, and topically. These three divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlaps are often present, as in "The Argentine Labor Movement in an Age of Transition, 1930–1945." It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, although the trend has been toward specialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. Traditionally, history has been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but now it is also studied simply out of intellectual curiosity.[7]
History and prehistory
Stonehenge, United KingdomThe development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events are the subject of history. In the 20th century, the division between history and prehistory became problematic. Criticism arose because of history's implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the Western world.[8][9]
Additionally, prehistorians such as Vere Gordon Childe and historical archaeologists such as James Deetz began using archaeology to explain important events in areas that were traditionally in the field of written history. Historians began looking beyond traditional political history narratives with new approaches such as economic, social and cultural history, all of which relied on various sources of evidence. In recent decades, strict barriers between history and prehistory may be decreasing.
There are differing views for the definition of when history begins. Some believe history began in the 34th century BC, with cuneiform writing. Cuneiform was written on clay tablets, on which symbols were drawn with a blunt reed called a stylus. The impressions left by the stylus were wedge-shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform ("wedge-shaped"). The Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Urartian languages, and it inspired the Old Persian and Ugaritic national alphabets. Even older pictographic scripts from the region are also known, including the pre-cuneiform Proto-Elamite and Indus scripts (still undeciphered).
Sources that can give light on the past, such as oral tradition, linguistics, and genetics, have become accepted by many mainstream historians. Nevertheless, archaeologists distinguish between history and prehistory based on the appearance of written documents within the region in question. This distinction remains critical for archaeologists because the availability of a written record generates very different interpretative problems and potentials.
Historiography has a number of related meanings. It can refer to the history of historical study, its methodology and practices (the history of history). It can also refer to a specific body of historical writing (for example, "medieval historiography during the 1960s" means "medieval history written during the 1960s"). Historiography can also be taken to mean historical theory or the study of historical writing and memory. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians.
The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history.
The "father of history" has generally been acclaimed as Herodotus of Halicarnassus (484 BC – ca.425 BC).[12] However, it is his contemporary Thucydides (ca. 460 BC – ca. 400 BC) who is credited with having begun the scientific approach to history in his work the History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides, unlike Herodotus and other religious historians, regarded history as being the product of the choices and actions of human beings, and looked at cause and effect, rather than as the result of divine intervention.[12] In his historical method, Thucydides emphasized chronology, a neutral point of view, and that the human world was the result of the actions of human beings. Greek historians also viewed history as cyclical, with events regularly reoccurring.[13]
Outside of Europe, there were historical traditions and sophisticated use of historical method in ancient and medieval China. The groundwork for professional historiography in East Asia was established by the Han Dynasty court historian known as Sima Qian (145–90 BC), author of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian). For the quality of his timeless written work, Sima Qian is posthumously known as the Father of Chinese Historiography. Chinese historians of subsequent dynastic periods in China used his Shiji as the official format for historical texts, as well as for biographical literature.
Saint Augustine was influential in Christian and Western thought at the beginning of the Medieval period. Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods, history was often studied through a sacred or religious perspective. Around 1800, German philosopher and historian Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel brought philosophy and a more secular approach in historical study.[7]
In the preface to his book the Muqaddimah, historian and early sociologist Ibn Khaldun warned of seven mistakes that he thought that historians regularly committed. In this criticism, he approached the past as strange and in need of interpretation. The originality of Ibn Khaldun was to claim that the cultural difference of another age must govern the evaluation of relevant historical material, to distinguish the principles according to which it might be possible to attempt the evaluation, and lastly, to feel the need for experience, in addition to rational principles, in order to assess a culture of the past.
Other historians of note who have advanced the historical methods of study include Leopold von Ranke, Lewis Bernstein Namier, Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, G.M. Trevelyan and A.J.P. Taylor. In the 20th century, historians focused less on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended to glorify the nation or individuals, to more realistic chronologies. French historians introduced quantitative history, using broad data to track the lives of typical individuals, and were prominent in the establishment of cultural history (cf. histoire des mentalités). American historians, motivated by the civil rights era, focused on formerly overlooked ethnic, racial, and socio-economic groups. In recent years, postmodernists have challenged the validity and need for the study of history on the basis that all history is based on the personal interpretation of sources. In his book In Defence of History, Richard J. Evans, a professor of modern history at Cambridge University, defended the worth of history.
历史学是通过利用史料来研究和描述人类历史的学科。它包括人们占有史料、认识历史以及历史研究、历史编纂的理论和实践。
业务培养目标：本专业培养具有一定的马克思主义基本理论素养和系统的专业基本知识，有进一步培养潜能的史学专门人才，以及能在国家机关、文教事业、新闻出版、文博档案及各类介事业单位从事实际工作的应用型、复合型高级专门人才。
业务培养要求：本专业学生主要学习历史科学的基本理论和基本知识，受到中国历史和世界历史发展的基本史实及史学研究的基本训练，具有从事专业工作所需的基本能力。
毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力：
1．掌握历史学科的基本理论和基础知识，对社会科学、人文科学与自然科学有一定的了解；
2．掌握历史学的基本研究方法与分析方法；
3．具有从事历史研究的初步能力和较强的口头表达和文字表达能力；
4．熟悉古文字学、版本目录学、音韵学、史料学、历史地理学及考古学等方面的基础知识；
5．了解国内外史学界景重要的理论前沿和发展动态；
6．掌握文献检索，资料查询的基本方法。
主干课程：
主干学科：历史学
主要课程：中国通史、世界通史，史学导论、中国史、西方史学史、考古学通论、历史地理学、古代汉语、中外历史文化原典导读与选读、中国断代史等。
主要实践性教学环节：包括参观访问、社会调查和社会公益活动等，一般安排10周左右。
研究史实,史论,史证.
学生基本什么都不研究。只有老师在研究！
历史学专业大学学什么内容?
答：大学历史学专业主要学习中国通史、世界通史，史学理论、中国史学史、西方史学史、考古学通论、中外关系史、文化人类学、历史地理学、文献学、古代汉语、中外历史文化原典导读、中国断代史、专题史(经济史、社会史、政治制度史、思想文化史等)。师范类专业的还要学习教育学心理学、历史学科教学研究等。
历史专业学什么
答：1、学习历史主要学历史学专业，要求学生学习世界历史的基本知识，了解整体人类文明的一般发展历程和世界历史研究的基本方法，接受史学理论、史料学、历史地理学、国际政治学、国际经济学、国际关系学、外国语及文化人类学等方面的基本训练。2、历史学类专业主要包括中国史、世界史、考古学一级学科，以及博物...
历史学是什么
答：历史学，简称史学，是研究包括人类社会一切问题在内的科学。西周就有作册、史某的说法，史在西周就是记录人员，在中国古代记录历史有皇家和民间之分，西周金文、唐顺宗实录、宋太宗实录、明实录是皇家史学的典范，史记则是民间史学的代表作，历史学是中国古代皇家教育的重要内容。欧洲的历史学始祖是修昔...
请问历史学是干什么的?
答：历史学专业可以在中小学校从事历史教学等工作，也可以在文化类企事业单位从事科学研究。历史学主要研习马克思主义基本原理、历史学、古文字学、历史地理学等方面的基本理论和知识，涉及中外通史和断代史、中西史学史、中外历史文献选读等，对先人遗留下来的古籍、文献、历法、制度进行研究分析，从而为当今的社会...
历史系、和考古系、国学系分别研究的是哪些内容呢?
答：历史不是科学，但是史历史研究是一门科学，在理性的外壳下，历史是有温度和深度的。这也是为什么历史学这个学科千百年来能够生生不息的原因。国学是指以儒学为主体的中华传统文化与学术。也包括了医学，戏剧，书画，星象。等等国学以学科分其中以儒家哲学为主流。传统国学《四库全书》是中国古代最大的丛书...
历史学研究什么?
答：历史学(history),简称史学,是专门研究历史的学科,一般而言,其专指整理与研究人类有文字以来所留下的文字与图像纪录的学科。History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day.[1] All that is remembered of the past and preserved in some form is seen as...
历史专业学什么
答：历史学的就业前景主要为：到国家机关、文教事业、新闻出版、文博档案及各类企事业单位从事实际工作。考古学的就业前景主要为：到考古、文物、博物馆等事业单位及国家机关从事研究、教学、管理等实际工作。世界历史的就业前景主要为：到学术研究、文化教育、外交外贸、国际文化交流和新闻出版部门及各类企事业单位...
历史学专业学什么?历史系真的很难就业吗?
答：都知道学史使人明智，但是很多人都不了解到底历史学专业学什么呢？对于这个命题，复旦大学的教授葛剑雄就对此有非常详细的阐述，而他的这本书则是很多的历史系新生所必须读的经典书籍。大部分人认为历史学和考古学是非常相似的一门学科，但是两者并不能完全划等号，考古学学生认为他们对于文物的研究就是...
我想知道历史学和考古学有什么区别?
答：研究对象：历史学研究的是史料,最基本的史料就是文献,亦即文字信息.所以文字发明之前的历史和未被文字记录的历史,自然是历史学研究的短板.考古学研究的是实物,是人类活动遗留下来的有形的、能观测到的东西,包括遗迹、人工遗物和自然遗物.它的特点也很明显,就是绝大多数遗存本身没有文字,考古材料不能自己...
大学的历史系的都学的是些什么?
答：历史学作为基础性长线学科，其就业前景相对所谓的热门专业来说面临着更大的困难。历史学专业在专业学科中属于历史学类中的历史学类，其中历史学类共6个专业，历史学专业在历史学类专业中排名第1，在整个历史学大类中排名第1位。毕业生可适应策划、咨询、管理和教学、研究等方面工作对高层次人才的需求。
