汉语课上，老师讲到了语言，言语和话语，这三者之间有啥区别呢？请高手帮小的解答一下，在此先谢谢你了。
状语从句
（Adverbial Clause）
一 状语从句的种类
§ 1状语从句的种类
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：
1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time)
2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause)
4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree)
9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)
10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)
§2状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）
二 时间状语从句
§3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。
【区别】when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
三 地点状语从句
§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：
句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。
句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员
前两句“众鸟高飞尽，孤云独去闲”，看似写眼前之景，其实，把伤心之感写尽了：天上几只鸟儿高飞远去，直至无影无踪；寥廓的长空还有一片白云，却也不愿停留，慢慢地越飘越远，似乎世间万物都在厌弃诗人。“尽”、“闲”两个字，把读者引入一个“静”的境界：仿佛是在一群山鸟的喧闹声消除之后格外感到清静；在翻滚的厚云消失之后感到特别的清幽平静。因此，这两句是写“动”见“静”，以“动”衬“静”。这种“静”，正烘托出诗人心灵的孤独和寂寞。这种生动形象的写法，能给读者以联想，并且暗示了诗人在敬亭山游览观望之久，勾画出他“独坐”出神的形象，为下联“相看两不厌”作了铺垫。 这两句的意象以“众星拱月”式并置，前句中心词“鸟”是中心意象，加上“飞”字形成一个复合意象，强化动态表现意义。“众鸟”原可以让读者联想到山中闲静宁谧的场景，群鸟儿在空山中婉转鸣啼，有一种格外的逸趣，而眼前，众鸟高飞，离人越来越远，“高”字起到一个拓展空间的作用，抬头仰望，空阔的蓝天上，鸟儿在远走高飞，直至看不见。一个“尽”字，增强了此句的表现力度，表现出李白此时的万般惆怅。后句“云”为中心词，与“去”复合，默默的云也在渐渐飘走。而云并非满天白云，原本就只是“孤云”无伴，偏偏还悠闲地慢慢地飘离。诗人以“闲”写出了孤云的状态，突出了离去的过程，让读者在品味孤云离去的状态时，感知诗人内心的不忍和无奈。 “尽”、“闲”两个字，把读者引入一个“静”的境界：仿佛是在一群山鸟的喧闹声消除之后格外感到清静；在薄云离散之后感到特别的清幽平静。它们都似乎有灵性，不愿与诗人为伴，远离诗人而去，只留下一个阔大茫茫的空间，诗人坐在这样的空间之中，更显孤独和渺小。其实，山林的鸟是飞不尽的，云也不会飘游到天外。在诗中，众鸟孤云都离诗人而去，这是诗人情感外射的结果，是诗人有意创造为表现自己的孤独情感的茫茫空间。这种生动形象的写法，能给读者以联想：李白坐在那里已经有一段时间了，他眼看着众鸟、孤云渐渐飞去，众鸟和孤云都离开了敬亭山，只有他自己依旧坐在那里欣赏着它，勾画出他“独坐”出神的形象，为下联“相看两不厌”作了铺垫。 三、四两句“相看两不厌，只有敬亭山”用浪漫主义手法，将敬亭山人格化、个性化。尽管鸟飞云去，诗人仍没有回去，也不想回去，他久久地凝望着幽静秀丽的敬亭山，觉得敬亭山似乎也正含情脉脉地看着他自己。他们之间不必说什么话，已达到了感情上的交流。“相看两不厌”表达了诗人与敬亭山之间的深厚感情。“相”、“两”二字同义重复，把诗人与敬亭山紧紧地联系在一起，表现出强烈的感情。同时，“相看”也点出此时此刻唯有“山”和“我”的孤寂情景与“两”字相重，山与人的相依之情油然而生。结句中“只有”两字也是经过锤炼的，更突出诗人对敬亭山的喜爱。“人生得一知己足矣”，鸟飞云去对诗人来说不足挂齿。这两句诗所创造的意境仍然是“静”的，表面看来，是写了诗人与敬亭山相对而视，脉脉含情。实际上，诗人愈是写山的“有情”，愈是表现出人的“无情”；而他那横遭冷遇，寂寞凄凉的处境，也就在这静谧的场面中透露出来了。 “众鸟”、“孤云”这种动的意象与“敬亭山”这种静的意象相反并置，时间和空间的维度里仅仅出现了量的变化，而心理的维度却产生着质的变化：有理想、有才能而在政治上遭受压抑的士大夫往往对“逝去”，对“消散”有着特殊的敏感，人事短暂，宇宙永恒，常常是他们不遇时发出的慨叹。诗人引恒久的山为知己，可能是“长安不得见”后，不得已而为之的一种方式了。就算长安招引他，他也不知道自己会不会随“众鸟高飞”而去。 诗人笔下，不见敬亭山秀丽的山色、溪水、小桥，并非敬亭山无物可写，因为敬亭山“东临宛溪，南俯城闉，烟市风帆，极目如画”。从诗中来看，无从知晓诗人相对于山的位置，或许是在山顶，或许在空阔地带，然而这些都不重要了。这首诗的写作目的不是赞美景物或者借景抒情，而是借此地无言之景，抒内心无奈之情。诗人在被拟人化了的敬亭山中寻到慰藉，似乎少了一点孤独感。然而，恰恰在这里，诗人内心深处的孤独之情被表现得更加突出。人世间的深重的孤独之情，诗人人生悲剧的气氛充溢在整首诗中。全诗似乎全是景语，无一情语，然而，由于景是情所造，因而，虽句句是景，却句句是情，就像王夫之所说，是“情中景，景中情”。沈德潜在《唐诗别裁》评价说：“传独坐之神。”
The former two, "the public do birds fly, Gu Yun independence to leisure," appears to write front of the King, in fact, to write to make sense of sadness: the sky a few birds fly away, until without a trace; boundless the sky there is a cloud, but do not want to stay, the more slowly drift further and further away, it seems that things are detest world poet. "Do", "idle" words, take the reader into a "static" in the state: if a group of blackbirds in the elimination of the noise was exceptionally quiet after; in thick clouds roll away was especially after the quiet calm. Therefore, these two is written "action" see "static" to "Dynamic" contrast "quiet." This "static", is express a poet's lonely hearts and lonely. This vividly written, give the reader to think and to suggest the poet watching Jingtingshan long tour, outlined his "sitting alone" image of ecstasy, as the second line "with tire of watching the two" were foreshadowing. These two imagery to "Zhongxinggongyue" type and set, the preceding sentence center the word "bird" is the central image, with "flying" the word to form a composite image, strengthen the significance of dynamic performance. "Birds," the former allows readers to think into the mountains quiet serenity of the scene, group of birds in the air in the mountains mellowed a singing, there is an extra of Seclusion and eyes, many birds fly, farther and farther away from the people, "high" play an expanding role in space, look up, Kongkuo the blue sky, the birds have flown up to see. A "best" word, sentence enhanced the performance of efforts to show the worth of Li Bai melancholy at this time. After the sentence "cloud" as the center of the word, and "to" complex, silent cloud are gradually drift away. The cloud is not the sky and white clouds, originally just "Gu Yun," unaccompanied, but why also leisurely and slowly drifting away. The poet of "idle" state of Gu Yun wrote, highlighting the process of departure for readers to leave the state in the taste Gu Yun, the inner perception the poet can not bear and helpless. "Do", "idle" words, take the reader into a "static" in the state: if a group of blackbirds in the elimination of the noise was exceptionally quiet after; in the cloud after discrete felt particularly calm and quiet. They all seem to have intelligent, willing and poets as partners, away from the poet away, leaving only a broad big vast space, the poet sitting in the room so all the more lonely and small. In fact, the bird is flying endless mountains, the clouds will not be wandering into the sky. In the poem, the poet from the Birds Guyun are away, this is the result of fire outside the poet emotion, the poet intends to create to demonstrate their feelings of vast loneliness of space. This vividly written, give the reader to think: Li Bai sat there for some time, he watched other birds, Gu Yun gradually fly, Birds, and Gu Yun Jingtingshan are left, only his own still sat there and enjoyed it, and outlined his "sitting alone" image of ecstasy, as the second line "with the two tire of watching" were foreshadowing. 3, 42, "must look at the two not tire, only Jingtingshan" with romantic approach to Jingtingshan personification, personalization. Although the bird flew to the clouds, the poet still not back, do not want to go back, he contemplates a long time Jingtingshan quiet and beautiful, that seems to have positive Jingtingshan lovingly looked at himself. Between them do not have anything to say, has reached the emotional exchanges. "Must look at both tire of" expression of a poet and a Jingtingshan deep feelings between. "Phase", "two" the word tautology, the poet and Jingtingshan closely linked, expressed strong feelings. At the same time, "must look" also points out at this time only "mountain" and "I" lonely scene with "two" words with weight, mountains and people's feeling of dependency arises spontaneously. Results sentence "only" should also read the temper, the more prominent poet of love Jingtingshan. "Life was a bosom friend is enough", tend to fly to the cloud is negligible on the poet. These two lines created by the mood is still "static" in the face of it, is a poet and wrote a relative and as Jingtingshan, Pulse Feelings. In fact, the poet wrote the mountain the more "enthusiastic", the more performance out of people's "ruthless"; and his cross-loved, lonely, sad situation in this tranquil scene also revealed out. "Birds," "Gu Yun" This action of the image and "Jingtingshan" The opposite of static imagery and home, time and space dimensions in only quantitative changes occurred, and the psychological dimension was generated a qualitative change: ideals, can be subjected to political repression in the scholar-officials often "gone", and "dispersed" have a special sensitivity, personnel short, the universe eternal, is often issued when they did not encounter sighed. Citation permanent mountain poet confidant, may be "Changan not see" after a way had to do was. Chang attract him even if he does not know who will be with the "Birds fly" away. Poet but not Jingtingshan beautiful natural scenery, streams, bridges, no matter Jingtingshan not be written because of Jingtingshan "Wan River east, south overlooking the city inner gates, smoke city windsurfing, Jimu picturesque." View from the poem, the poet unknown location relative to the mountains, perhaps in the top, perhaps in Kongkuo zone, but these are not important. The purpose of writing this poem, or scene by scene is not lyrical praise, but rather to take in silent scenes, to express their inner feelings of helplessness. Poet, was personified in the King of the Hill Pavilion in hopes of finding solace, it seems too little sense of loneliness. However, precisely where the poet's lonely heart feeling is more obvious. Earth's deep feelings of loneliness, the poet fills the atmosphere of the tragedy of life in the whole poem. The poem seems to view all languages, none of Emotion, however, because King is made of the situation, which, though every word is the King, but every word is love, just as Wang Fu-chih said, "feeling middle ground, King of love. " Confirming "Tang do not cut," commented: "Biography sitting in a God."
言语是指人们掌握和使用语言的活动。具有交流功能、符号功能、概括功能。
话语是人们说出来或写出来的语言,话语分析是指对人们说(叙述) 什么,如何说(叙述) ,以及所说的话(叙述) 带来的社会后果的研究。话语是在人与人的互动过程中呈现出现的,因此具有社会性。
语言是系统的 言语是个人的 话语与言语差不多
语言
yǔyán
①人类所特有的用来表达意思、交流思想的工具，是一种特殊的社会现象，由语音、词汇和语法构成一定的系统。‘语言’一般包括它的书面形式，但在与‘文字’并举时只指口语。
②话语：～乏味│由于文化水平和职业的差异，他们之间缺少共同的～。
言语
yányǔ
说的话：～粗暴│～行动。
◆ 言语
yán yu
〈方〉说；说话：你走的时候～一声儿│问你话呢，你怎么不～？
话语
huàyǔ
言语；说的话：天真的～ㄧ他～不多，可句句中听。
求发展汉语中级汉语口语上的讲稿、教案。先谢谢大家!
答：2、复习上节课生词和语言点：（1）教师简单回顾，重复讲解 （2）提问学生，运用生词、语言点进行造句和对话练习 （3）验收上节课作业 3、导出新课：看来同学们都掌握得很好，那么我们今天继续往下学习本课的副课文《快乐的原因》。在讲课之前，老师想先问一个问题，有谁想做一个快乐的人？（学生举手...
语文讲课时的过渡语有哪些?
答：为此、据此、以此、特、特做、特此、兹将、特予、拟于、定于、如下、如后等。1、为此，指因此；因为这个。茅盾《子夜》七：“他想到今天在此地所以碰不到熟人，也许原因就是为此。”2、如下，指如同下面所叙述或列举的。《中共中央、国务院关于普及小学教育若干问题的决定（1980年12月3日）》：“...
经典普通话演讲稿
答：让我们走出“母亲语言”的小田园,跨向民族共同语的大天地,为中华民族的伟大复兴而努力普及普通话,是历史赋予我们的光荣使命! 我的演讲结束,谢谢大家! 经典普通话演讲稿 篇3 尊敬的老师,亲爱的同学们: 早上好!今天我国旗下讲话的题目是“说普通话、写规范字、做文明人、树新风尚”。 汉语是我们的母语,是世界上最...
文言文怎么上课
答：现在很多老师意识到要注意到“言”,但是他对这个“言”的理解非常的狭窄,他认为所谓文言文的“言”就是知识,甚至有更狭隘的理解,像我们高中,有人认为文言文的“言”就是古代汉语的语法.这种理解尽管注意到了两者的结合,其实还是没有全面的把握文言文教学的基本任务.语言的内涵不清楚.◆ 文言文中的“言”指:...
一篇关于汉字的作文?
答：它们还有悠长的历史:从甲骨文到金文、篆书、隶书、草书、行书,最后到我们现在的楷书,你说有哪一样不值得我们去感叹的呢? 汉字,它们像一个个充满灵气的小精灵,在纸上跳着欢快的舞蹈,姿态是那么的优美,那么的迷人,我每次都会陶醉在这美好的境界之中。别看每个字都是那么平凡,那么普通,其实它们都深藏不露,蕴含着...
语文课究竟要教什么呢,该怎么上
答：据我的调查,我们相当一部分语文老师的讲读课还是这样的套路:浏览课文,在每一自然段前标出序号,和学生一起,一问一答地画出段落层次,总结段落大意,归纳...教学上的“说”,不仅仅是教师的“说”和学生的“说”,更不是教师授课,学生在课堂上回答问题。语文教学上的“说”,应该是一种学生主动用自己的语言来...
浅谈如何在课堂上有效进行汉语拼音教学
答：一堂成功的拼音教学课的判断标准应该最终要落实在孩子们当堂掌握的情况如何?实际上,教师在授课的环节安排上一次又一次的练习就是在为孩子们掌握拼音奠定基础,而当堂的抽测非常重要,可以使我们基本了解到孩子们的掌握情况、达到查漏补缺的目的,并且进行有效及时的反思,从而调整自己的教学思路。 其他还包括教师语言的...
详述汉语作为第一语言和汉语作为第二语言的不同
答：也就是说，我们的教学对象从出生起就开始听汉语了。而到一岁左右，儿童进入语言发展期，开始说简单的词，无须专业的语言老师教，到三岁左右，一个智力正常的孩子，基本上都能说出完整的句子了。到五六岁时，可以熟练的对话，表情达意，甚至可以掌握各种复杂而抽象的规则。进入小学后，才开始了正式的语文...
如何上好汉语会话课中的角色对话
答：学生在课堂上用五到七分钟的时间当场准备，然后用五到十分钟的时间表演。教师在分配角色对话前一定得明确列出该堂课所学的语言点和主要词语，规定学生紧扣主题和语言点，鼓励学生在角色对话中运用新学的词语及语法结构。教师指导角色分配中的串线学生掌握节奏，在限定的时间内完成任务。4. 教师点评角色对话...
如何让农村孩子在汉语课上动起来
答：良好的小组合作学习氛围有助于培养学生的团结协作精神，低年级汉 语文课堂上，充分发挥小组合作学习的优势，对发展学生的言语和语言水 平、提高合作探究能力、发挥榜样示范作用等有着潜移默化的影响。在低 年级汉语课堂上，如何促进小组合作学习更是值得我们思考的问题。 汉语 课上以小组为单位，通过积极开...
