人教版英语九年级第2单元阅读文章
圣诞节的意义
许多人会赞同（这个看法），每当我们想起圣诞节，极有可能想到的是礼物、圣诞树和圣诞老人。但在所有这些事物的背后隐藏着圣诞节的真正含义———重要的是把爱和欢乐带给周边的人们，并和他们一同分享。《圣诞欢歌》这个故事可能就是最好的例子。
《圣诞欢歌》是查尔斯.狄更斯所写的一部著名短篇小说，它讲的是一个名叫斯科鲁奇的老头的故事。斯科鲁奇从无笑容，他十分吝啬，只想着自己。他对待其他人也不友善。他只关心自己能否赚到更多的钱财，而且他还讨厌圣诞节。
在一个圣诞前夜里，他看到了已经逝去的生意伙伴雅克布.马利的亡灵，马利过去就向斯科鲁奇一样，所以他死后受到了惩罚。马利告诫斯科鲁奇，若是不想和他落得同样的下场，就应该改变他的行事方式。他还告诉斯科鲁奇要做好准备，夜间会有三个精灵光临拜访。
那天夜里，三个圣诞精灵拜访了斯科鲁奇。首先，“圣诞过去之灵”将他带回到他的童年时代，让他回顾了自己儿时的快乐时光；接着，第二个精灵，“圣诞现在之灵”，领他去看这一年其他人如何欢度圣诞；最后一个精灵，“圣诞未来之灵”，领他进入未来，他看到自己死了，但人们毫不在意。斯科鲁奇害怕至极，从睡梦惊醒，发现此时竟是第二天圣诞清晨！
他决心改变自己的人生，承诺去做一个善人。他高兴地与自己的亲戚一起庆祝圣诞，还把礼物送给需要的人们。现在的他对每一个人都充满善意和温暖，走到哪里便把爱和欢乐带到哪里。这便是圣诞的真正含义！
翻译的技巧
1、在语态上，把主动语态变为被动语态（中译英），或者把被动语态变为主动语态（英译中）。
2、在词性上面，用介词、形容词、副词、名词等来替换原来的动词，用动词、形容词、代词来替代名词，或者用短语、副词来替代形容词。
3、在句子成分的方面，用表语、定语、状语、宾语来替换主语，用表语、主语、定语转换谓语，或者用主语、状语转换定语。
4、在句型上面，可以把简单句和复杂句互换，复合句痛并列句互换，或将定语从句转化为状语从句。
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 否定形式： didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。2. 反意疑问句 ①肯定陈述句＋否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn’t she? Lily will go to China, won’t she? ②否定陈述句＋肯定提问 如：She doesn’t come from China, does she?You haven’t finished homework, have you? ③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如： He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3. play the piano 弹钢琴4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣 如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物6.still 仍然，还 用在be 动词的后面 如：I’m still a student. 用在行为动词的前面 如：I still love him.7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校11. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间” ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间） ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。 Pay for 花费如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。12. take 动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有： take sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.take … to do sth. 13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词 如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。 Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。15. all the time 一直、始终16.take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如： A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hardly ever 很少 hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly hardly + 实义动词 如： I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。 I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。18. miss v. 思念、想念、 错过19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。20. be different from 与…不同 21. how to swim 怎样游泳 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如： It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事 She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。27.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car. I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。28. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦 30. in the end 最后31. make a decision 下决定 下决心 32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如： His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如： You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如： She is able to do it. 她能够做到。36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如： My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如： I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。 ②not …any more == not …any longer 如： I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。38. go to sleep 入睡
He used to cause a lot of trouble.Martin Murray is a fifteen-year-old boy. He used to be a “problem child”, but a recent conversation with his mother changed his life. He didn’t use to give his mother many problems. However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. His mother couldn’t afford to pay for her child’s education. To do this, she had to work, and so was not often at home.
His mother looked after him as well as she could. Unfortunately, Martin still caused problems for him-self and his family. He was not interested in studying, and he often got into trouble with the police. Luckily, his mother was very patient, and didn’t give up trying to help him. In the end, she made a difficult decision: to send him to a boy’s boarding school. Martin hated it and used to cause a lot of trouble. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time.
The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. “It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “My mother helped me to understand how much she had given me. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. That’s when I decided to change. I realize that since my father died, I have been afraid of being alone, and have tried to make my mother pay more attention to me.”
Now Martin has really changed. He has been working hard, and is now a top student in his class. How was he able to change? His mother’s love helped him to feel good about himself, and as Martin himself says, “It’s very important for parents to be there for their children.”
他过去常引起很多麻烦
马丁默里是个15岁的男孩。他以前是个“问题小孩”，但最近同他母亲的一次谈话改变了他的生活，他以前并不给他妈妈带来很多麻烦。然而几年前他的父亲去世后，马丁的生活变得更艰难了。他妈妈支付不了孩子的教育费用。为了支付费用，她必须工作，所以经常不在家。
他妈妈尽她所能来照顾他。不幸的是，马丁依然给自己和他家人带来麻烦。他对学习不感兴趣，还经常惹上与警察打交道的麻烦。幸运的是他妈妈很有耐心，并没有放弃设法帮助他。最后，她做出了一个艰难的决定：送他到一个男子寄宿学校。马丁讨厌寄宿学校并且经常惹来很多麻烦。一天他告诉老师他想离开学校。甚至老师也认为马丁在浪费时间。
校长说马丁有必要同他母亲谈一谈。马丁打电话给他妈妈，但令他惊奇的是，这个电话改变了他的生活。“那正是我所需要的，”他说。“我妈妈帮我理解她给予了我的有那么多。她还告诉我，即使我爸爸不再同我们在一起，但他在注视着我并总会为我所有的良好表现而感到自豪。就是那时我下决心改变。我意识到自从我爸爸去世后，我一直害怕独自一人，一直想让我妈妈更多地关注我。
现在马丁真的变了。他一直努力学习，现在是班上最优秀的学生之一。他怎样改变的呢？他妈妈的爱使他对自己感觉自信，正如马丁自己说的：“对于父母来说，孩子们需要时一定要在他们身边，这很重要。”
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