国际商务英语翻译!！不要翻译器翻译的！！！
事实上，政治经济旧的期限。在早期讨论的主题，在英国的专业与国家的财富在1776年由亚当·斯密开始，并继续由大卫Richardo，在十九世纪的上半年，参照的是政治经济。没有锋利的线画手的作用和对其他国家的消费者和商业公司之间的。所有被看作是一个大系统的一部分。
然后，向十九世纪末期，“经济学”一词开始使用了。它反映了一门学科的处女的观点，从政府主要排除。生产者和消费者在市场上走到了一起;市场强大的全社会的监管力量。提供所有重要的需求。国家只有轻微的，往往而贬义的作用。经济学是政治经济，政治清洗。
2.A附属公司是一家公司拥有大部分由另一家公司称为母公司拥有其股票。的附属公司拥有自己的总统和其他高级管理人员的企业结构。一般选择一间附属公司的人员由母公司与母公司的董事会批准的人员。
一家控股公司，是一个企业，有一个或多个其他公司虽然其普通股的所有权控制。其他企业仍然是独立的实体，在法律上为自己的操作负责。他们除了控股公司的股东，并没有全资附属公司。
超过50％的公司的普通股控股公司的担保可以控制该法团的事务的所有权。控股公司可以拥有不到50％的股权在公司，但仍然有表决权控制。这可能发生，因为其他股东无组织，有少数的利益，他们缺乏集体力量。
1. Based in Geneva,Switzerland,the WTO obtains its authority from member nations,which look to the organization as a vehicle to expand world trade.Like the United Nations,the WTO is essentially a club of nations,created and empowered by its members and relying on them to comply with its rules and rulings.
WTO的总部设在瑞士日内瓦，其权力来自成员国，这个组织的目的在於扩大世界贸易。就如同联合国，WTO本来就是一个联合国家，由其成员国建立和授权，并且依赖成员国遵守其规则。
2. The WTO’s powers are most frequently exercised when it serves as a court to resolve trade disputes among nations.these judicial powers may have dramatic consequences:WTO decisions can declare the laws and regulations of sovereign nations illegal because the violate global trade rules.
WTO的权力通常在WTO作为法庭解决国与国之间的争端时被行使，WTO的司法权可能会给各国家带来严重后果。世贸组织的决定可以使主权国家的法律条文和制度作废，因为条文有悖於全球贸易规则。
3. The trade rules administered by the WTO are established after lengthy and often tense negotiations involving many nations.Among the rules member nations have agreed to follow is that they will not place quotas on imported goods or give domestically produced goods preference over foreign good. The WTO permits a handful of exceptions to these rules.
WTO的贸易规则是在许多成员国经过冗长的和紧张的协商后才建立的。在这些规则中，成员国同意遵守，即国家不会对进口货物征收配额或给国内产品优於国外产品的政策。世贸组织对贸易规则设立了许多免责条款。
1 Successful planning of marketing strategies requires information---information about potential target market and their likely responses to marketing mixes as well as about competition and other uncontrollable variable. Information is also needed for implementation and control. Without good marketing information,managers have to use intuition or guess—and in a fast –changing and competitive economy,this invites failure.
成功的市场营销策略需要许多信息，即潜在的目标市场、市场对营销组合的反映以及同行之间的竞争与变数。同时，我们还需要寻找完善和控制市场的信息。没有良好的营销策略，商界人士只能靠直觉或猜测。最坏的结果就是多变和竞争激烈的经济导致失败。
2 On the other hand,manager seldom have all the information they need to make the best decision. Both customers and competitors can be unpredictable.Gtting more information may cost too much or take too long.So managers often must decide if they need more information and—if so—how to get it.
另一方面，商界人士得到的信息不够具体，而此时却要做出最好的决定。顾客和竞争都是无法预测的。获取更多的信息花费和耗时更多，所以，商界人士要想好是否要许多信息，如果是那样的话，就要想好如何获取信息。
根据破产法在美国,申请破产法律可以被提交给一个适当的法院由债务人,或其债权人。
If the debtor takes the initiative, the process is called voluntary bankruptcy; otherwise, it is referred to as involuntary bankruptcy.
如果债务人有浓厚的兴趣,这个过程称为自愿破产;否则,它被称为非自愿破产。
In either case, the debtor becomes bankruptcy.
在这两种情况下,债务人就破产。
When a business goes bankruptcy, most of its creditors can collect only a portion of the debt owed to them.
当一个企业破产,其大部分的债权人可以收集只有部分属于他们的债务。
Therefore, many creditors would rather work out an extension agreement with the debtor and give the latter an extension of payment terms.
因此,很多债权人宁愿找出一个扩展协议与债务人和给后者的一个扩展付款条件。
They hope that during the extension the debtor can be back on his feet again.
他们希望在扩展债务人可以回到他的脚又。
Or the creditors can work out a composition agreement, in which case every creditor will take
或者债权人可以制定一个和解协议,在这种情况下,每个债权人都需要
a cut on the debt owed to him.
削减债务归功于他。
In either case, the creditors can demand some role in the debtor’s management to make sure their interests are best protected.
在这两种情况下,债权人可以要求债务人的一些角色的管理,保证他们的利益是最好的保护。
2.
2。
Corporate culture is an important area in business today because it helps dictate how people in the structure will behave.
企业文化是一种重要的区域在如今的商业中,因为它有助于指示了人们怎么结构的行为。
However, this behavior is not fixed; it can be changed through a reshaping process should this be necessary.
然而,这种行为是不固定的,它可以改变通过重塑过程应该这是必要的。
Change in corporate culture can become necessary in certain instances.
改变企业文化可以成为必要在某些实例。
One instance is when the environment in which the firm is operating undergoes fundamental change.
一个实例是当环境,在这个环境中,公司的经营已经历了根本性的变化。
The culture may have to be altered Second, when a industry is highly competitive and the environment changes quickly, the culture may have to change as well.
文化可能会改变第二,当一个行业的竞争十分激烈,环境变化很快,文化可能已经改变。
Third, when a firm is mediocre or worse, a change in culture is needed.
第三,当一个公司是平庸或更糟的是,文化的改变是必要的。
Fourth, when the firm is on the threshold of becoming a large company, a change in culture is also required.
第四,当该公司即将成为一个大公司,文化的改变也是必需的。
Things cannot go along as before.
事情不会像以前一起。
There has to be greater attention to building teamwork, as opposed to encouraging everyone to go their ways as they did when the firm was small and growing.
必须有更大的关注建立团队精神,而不是鼓励每个人都去他们的方式就像他们曾经小型增长型公司。
对照翻译，虽然英文是复制的，呵呵
根据破产法在美国，一个申请破产法可以向适当的法院由债务人或债权人。如果债务人采取主动，这个过程称为自愿破产；否则，它被称为非自愿破产。在任何情况下，债务人成为破产。
当一个企业破产，其大部分债权人可以只收集一部分债务，欠了他们。因此，许多人宁愿解决债权人与债务人协议的扩展，使后者的付款期限的延长。他们希望在延长债务人可以恢复正常。或者债权人可以解决一个组成协议，在这种情况下每一个债权人将
削减对欠他。在任何情况下，债权人可以要求债务人的管理中的作用以确保他们的利益得到最大的保障。
2。企业文化是一个重要的地区业务的今天，因为它有助于决定人们如何在结构的行为。然而，这种行为是不固定的；它可以通过改变一个重塑过程本应是必要的。
改变企业文化可以成为必要的，在某些情况下。一个例子是当环境中，该公司的经营经历了根本性的变化。文化可能会改变，当一个行业的高度竞争与环境的快速变化，文化可能也改变。第三，当一个公司是平庸的，或者更糟的是，在文化的变化是必要的。第四，当公司即将成为一个大型公司，文化的改变也需要。事情不会像以前那样。必须有更大的重视团队精神，而不是鼓励大家去他们的方式，因为他们在公司发展的小。
ccording to the bankruptcy laws in the US, a petition for bankruptcy laws can be filed with an appropriate court by the debtor, or by its creditors.
根据破产法在美国,申请破产法律可以被提交给一个适当的法院由债务人,或其债权人。
If the debtor takes the initiative, the process is called voluntary bankruptcy; otherwise, it is referred to as involuntary bankruptcy.
如果债务人有浓厚的兴趣,这个过程称为自愿破产;否则,它被称为非自愿破产。
In either case, the debtor becomes bankruptcy.
在这两种情况下,债务人就破产。
When a business goes bankruptcy, most of its creditors can collect only a portion of the debt owed to them.
当一个企业破产,其大部分的债权人可以收集只有部分属于他们的债务。
Therefore, many creditors would rather work out an extension agreement with the debtor and give the latter an extension of payment terms.
因此,很多债权人宁愿找出一个扩展协议与债务人和给后者的一个扩展付款条件。
They hope that during the extension the debtor can be back on his feet again.
他们希望在扩展债务人可以回到他的脚又。
Or the creditors can work out a composition agreement, in which case every creditor will take
或者债权人可以制定一个和解协议,在这种情况下,每个债权人都需要
a cut on the debt owed to him.
削减债务归功于他。
In either case, the creditors can demand some role in the debtor’s management to make sure their interests are best protected.
在这两种情况下,债权人可以要求债务人的一些角色的管理,保证他们的利益是最好的保护。
2.
2。
Corporate culture is an important area in business today because it helps dictate how people in the structure will behave.
企业文化是一种重要的区域在如今的商业中,因为它有助于指示了人们怎么结构的行为。
However, this behavior is not fixed; it can be changed through a reshaping process should this be necessary.
然而,这种行为是不固定的,它可以改变通过重塑过程应该这是必要的。
Change in corporate culture can become necessary in certain instances.
改变企业文化可以成为必要在某些实例。
One instance is when the environment in which the firm is operating undergoes fundamental change.
一个实例是当环境,在这个环境中,公司的经营已经历了根本性的变化。
The culture may have to be altered Second, when a industry is highly competitive and the environment changes quickly, the culture may have to change as well.
文化可能会改变第二,当一个行业的竞争十分激烈,环境变化很快,文化可能已经改变。
Third, when a firm is mediocre or worse, a change in culture is needed.
第三,当一个公司是平庸或更糟的是,文化的改变是必要的。
Fourth, when the firm is on the threshold of becoming a large company, a change in culture is also required.
第四,当该公司即将成为一个大公司,文化的改变也是必需的。
Things cannot go along as before.
事情不会像以前一起。
There has to be greater attention to building teamwork, as opposed to encouraging everyone to go their ways as they did when the firm was small and growing.
必须有更大的关注建立团队精神,而不是鼓励每个人都去他们的方式就像他们曾经小型增长型公司。
【1】在美国的破产法，破产法的请愿书，可以适当的法院提起，由债务人或通过其债权人。如果债务人主动采取，这一过程被称为自愿破产，否则，它被称为非自愿破产。在两种情况下，债务人变成破产。
当一个企业破产，其债权人可以收集只欠他们的债务部分。因此，许多债权人宁可工作延伸与债务人协议，并给后者支付条款的延伸。他们希望在延长的期间，债务人可以将他的本钱回来。或者债权人可以制定出和解协议，在这种情况下，每一个债权人将采取。
他削减债务拖欠。在任何情况下，债权人可以要求债务人的管理中的作用，以确保他们的利益得到最好的保护。
【2】.Corporate文化在今天已经是一个重要的业务领域，因为它将有助于决定在结构上的人行为。然而，这种行为是不永久的，它可以通过一个重塑过程中改变，这是必要的。
改变企业文化，可以成为必要在某些情况下。一个实例是，当公司经营所处的环境发生根本性的变化。文化可能要改变第二，当一个行业是高度竞争和环境的变化迅速，文化以及可能不得不改变。第三，当一个公司是平庸或者更糟，在文化变革是必要的。第四，当该公司成为一家大公司，还需要在文化变革的门槛上，不能像以前那样决定事情。要更加重视建设团队，而不是鼓励大家去迁就他们的方式，因为如果没有他们，这个公司只是一个没有突破的小公司。
国际商务英语翻译!!不要翻译器翻译的!!!
答：According to the bankruptcy laws in the US, a petition for bankruptcy laws can be filed with an appropriate court by the debtor, or by its creditors.根据破产法在美国,申请破产法律可以被提交给一个适当的法院由债务人,或其债权人。If the debtor takes the initiative, the process is ca...
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