新目标英语八上Unit12语法

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八上英语新目标Unit12教与学上的重难点的语法~

一. 学习目标:
1. 学习一些单音节形容词,多音节形容词和特殊形容词的比较级和最高级形式;
2. 学习进行简单的比较,并表达自己的好恶;

二. 语言结构:
1. 用-est,the most表示最高级。
2. 不规则的形容词的比较级和最高级形式good, better, the best; bad, worse, the worst

三. 重点单词:
comfortable adj. 舒适的;安逸的
seat n. 座位
screen n. 屏;幕;荧光屏
close adj. 近的;接近的
close to 靠近;接近
quality n. 品质;特质
theater n. 剧院;戏院
cinema n. 电影院
jeans n. (pl.)牛仔裤
trendy adj. 时髦的;赶时髦的
funky adj. (俚)时髦的;极好的
radio n. 无线电;无线电广播
radio station 无线电台
FM abbr. (=Frequency Modulation)调频
AM abbr. (= Amplitude Modulation)调幅
teen n. (= teenager)(13-19岁的)青少年
bargain n. 特价商品;便宜货
delight n. 欣喜;高兴;愉快
by bus 乘坐公共汽车
positive adj. 积极的;建设性的;肯定的
negative adj. 消极的;否定的
dull adj. 乏味的;无聊的;单调的
performer n. 演员;演出者;演奏者
success n. 成功
without prep. 无;没有;缺少
province n. 省;地方
still adv. 还是;还;仍然
enough adj. 充足的;充分的
distance n. 距离;路程
farthest adj. & adv. (far的最高级)最远的(地)

四. 重点句子:
1. Town Cinema is the cheapest.
2. It has the friendliest service.
3. Movie Palace has the most comfortable seats.
4. Jason’s and Trendy Teens are good stores.
5. Trendy Teens has better service.
6. Jason’s has the best quality clothing.
7. Oldies 102.1 FM is pretty bad.
8. It’s worse than All Talk 970 AM.
9. It has the worst music.

五. 重点语法(形容词最高级)
1. 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化:
构词法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加er或est tall
young taller
younger tallest
youngest
以e结尾只加r或st nice
large nicer
larger nicest
largest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该字母,再加er, est big
fat
hot bigger
fatter
hotter biggest
fattest
hottest


2. 形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
well better best
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least
far farther
further farthest
furthest
old older
elder oldest
eldest

3. 基本用法
(1)形容词比较级用于两者(人或物)之间的比较表示其中一个“更……”或“较……”,常用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或物。如:Our classroom is bigger than theirs.
我们的教室比他们的更大。
(2)形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。表示其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个,其前用冠词the,后面带有in或of的短语说明比较。如:
He is the tallest in our class.
他是我们班上最高的一个。
4. 应注意的几个问题:
(1)表示“越来越……”用“比较级+and+比较级”,如:It is getting colder and colder.
天气变得越来越冷。
(2)比较级常用的修饰词有:a little, a bit, much, even, a lot 等。如:The boy is much taller than that one. 这男孩比那男孩高得多。
(3)表示“……中最……的一个”用“one of the +最高级+复数名词”。如:The river is one of the longest rivers in our coutry. 这条河是我国最长河流之一。
(4)“The +比较级……the+比较级……”表示“越……越……”。如:The more, the better. 越多越好。
(5)“the+序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最……”。如:The Yellow River is the second river in China.
黄河是我国第二长河。
(6)表示某事物之间在某一方面一样或不一样时,可以用as…as或not so (as)…as结构。如:
He is as busy as before.
他还是象以前那样忙。
My handwriting is not so good as yours.
我的书法不如你的好。
5. 参考练习:
(1)This stamp is ______ in my collection.
A. the elder B. the old C. the eldest D. the oldest
(2)The Summer Palace is _________ than Zhong Shan Park.
A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
(3)Which is ________, Lesson Five or Lesson Nine?
A. interesting B. more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting
(4)I think the movie “Titanic”is ________ one of all the movies.
A. the best B. best C. better D. a good
(5)The weather is _________ today than yesterday.
A. bad B. worse C. badder D. badly
答案:(1)D(2)D(3)B(4)A(5)B

六. 课文解析:
What do young people think about places in town? We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned. All the movie theaters are good, but the Screen City is the best in our town. It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats. However, Town Cinema is the cheapest, and it has the friendliest service. The most popular clothing store is Jason’s. It has the best quality clothing. It’s also the cheapest. Funky Fashions is the worst. It has really bad service. As for radio stations, most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great. It plays the most interesting music.
1. think about 表示“考虑”,“对…有某种看法”
eg: We have many things to think about.
They’re thinking about buying a new car.
What do you think about the film?
2. We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned.
我们在读者中作了一个调查,以下是我们所得到的信息。
句中“what we learned”是“this is”的表语,是一个表语从句。
3. clothing 表示“衣服”,是衣服,服装的总称,只有单数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
eg: a factory that make children’s clothing.
Our clothing protects us from the cold.
它的同义词有: clothes, cloth.
clothes统指各种衣服,包括外套、西装、衬衣、裙、鞋等,不指单件衣服,它既不能用作单数,也不能和表示具体数目的数词连用,不能说,a clothes, six clothes,做主语时,谓语用复数形式。
eg: He had to buy many clothes.
These clothes are new.
All of her clothes were made by her mother.
cloth 指做衣服用的材料(布料,毛料,丝绸等),它是物质名词,不可数,没有复数形式。
eg: a piece of cloth “一块布料”
eg: How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?

七. 重难点解析:
1. close 的用法
(1)作动词,表示“关闭”,指关闭门,窗或闭合眼睛等。
turn off 也有“关闭”的意思,但指通过电键,开关或龙头来关闭电灯,电视,收音机,自来水和煤气等。
(2)作形容词,表示“近的”,“靠近的”
a cloth friend.
close to school.
Close the door, please.
2. success 是名词,表示“成功”“好结果”“及格”
eg: He met with success in his business.
I wish you success.
successful 是形容词,意思是“成功的”“顺利的”
a successful test.
They were successful in finding the way to go back home.
successfully 是副词,“成功地”,“顺利地”
He won the prize successfully in the speaking competition.
3. without 是介词,意思是“无”,“没有”,后面接名词、代词、动名词做宾语。
eg: We couldn’t finish the work without him.
He worked for 12 hours without stopping.
Can I take this book away without permission.

Unit 12单元知识点和交际用语

the+最高级+比较范围
1.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。副词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
It is a most important problem. 这是一个非常重要的问题。
=It is a very important problem.
注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(误)汤姆是兄弟三人中最高的。
Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.(正)
2.下列词可修饰最高级: by far,far,much,mostly,almost。如:
This hat is nearly/almost the biggest. 这顶帽子几乎是最大的了。
注意:(1)very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。如:
This is the very best. 这才是真正最好的。
This is much the best.
(2)序数词通常只修饰最高级。如:
Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大陆。
3.句型转换: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 麦克是班上最聪明的学生。
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 麦克比班上的其他学生聪明得多。
4.“否定词语+比较级”“否定词语+so...as”结构表示最高级含义。如:
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 这是最简单的事了。
Unit 12单元交际用语

TALKING ABOUT LIKES AND
DISLIKES(询问喜欢和不喜欢的事)
1.What’s your favorite sport? 你最喜欢什么运动?
2.I like football best. 我最喜欢足球。
3.Football is my favorite. 足球是我最喜欢的。
4.Which do you prefer,fishing or mountain-climbing? 钓鱼和登山,你更喜欢哪一个?
5.Neither. 一个都不喜欢。
6.What do you like best,apples,pears,or bananas? 苹果、梨、香蕉,你最喜欢哪个?
7.He’s crazy about Michael Jordan. 他疯狂喜爱迈克尔•乔丹。
8.She hates boxing. 她讨厌拳击。
9.She is sick of watching boxing. 她厌恶观看拳击。
10.She has good taste in clothes. 她对服装很有鉴赏力。
11.What do you like to do in your spare time? 空闲时你喜欢干什么?
12.I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢收集邮票。
13.I prefer tea to coffee. 和咖啡相比,我更喜欢茶。
14.What do you dislike most about this movie? 这部电影你最不喜欢什么?
15.I would rather sleep than watch this movie. 我情愿睡觉也不看这部电影。

(一)语言目标
1. Discuss preferences ; 讨论最喜欢的东西
2. Make comparison 做比较

(二)语言结构
1. 以词尾+(i)est或形容词、副词前加the most 来表达的最高级形式。
2. 不规则变化的形容词的最高级、比较级
good-better-the best ; bad-worse - the worst .

(三)词组或词汇(vocabulary)
comfortable 舒适的 uncomfortable 不舒适的
cheap便宜的 trendy时髦的
unfashionable 不时髦的 fashionable 时尚的,时髦的
service服务 good quality 好质量
popular流行的 creative有创造性的 富有想像力的
big screen 大屏幕
close to home 离家近
Circle Theatre弧形剧场
radio station 广播台,电台
Bargain Barn 廉价品倾销店
positive 积极的 negative消极的
dull乏味、单调的
terrific非常的、极好的
in the daytime在白天
Ice and Snow Festival 冰雪节
seldom很少、不常
enough充足的、充分的

(四)主要句型:Target Language.
1. What's the best movie theater ?
最好的电影院是什么?
2. It is the cheapest . 它最便宜。
3. I think Circle Theater has the most comfortable seats .
我想(认为)弧形剧场座位最舒服。
4. It has the friendliest service . 它有最友好的服务。
5. It's worse than All Talk 970 AM.
它比All Talk 970 AM 糟糕。
6. It has the worse music .
它有最糟的音乐。
7. Who do you think is the funniest actor ?
你认为最有趣的演员是谁?
8. The Famous People Talent Show was terrific .
Famous People Talent (名人天才)表演是非常棒的。

二. 重点、难点:
1. 我们在第六单元学习了形容词比较级的构成
那么我们今天进行复习并学习它的最高级构成。
除了形容词有比较级和最高级以外,副词也有。
我们目前学的形容词较多。
A. 我们都知道形容词的级有三个级。
(1)为原级比较:as ...as... 像...一样
如Zhang Hong is as tall as Tom.
张红和Tom一样高。
形容词tall用的是原级。
(2)形容词的比较级:如:构成:形容词比较级+than ...
如:He is taller than I .
他比我高。
(3)形容词的最高级其结构为the + 形容词的最高级+of / in ...
如:He is the tallest of the three .
他是这三个人中最高的。
He is the funniest in his class .
他是他们班最有趣的。
B. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
(1)规则变化
<1>一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er ,最高级+est
如:
clever-cleverer-cleverest
few-fewer-fewest
small-smaller-smallest等
<2>以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可
如:
nice-nicer-nicest
cute-cuter-cutest
large-larger-largest
<3>以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或est
如:
easy-easier-easiest
happy-happier-happiest
再如:early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 也如此
<4>双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est的词同学要用心去记。
1. fat-fatter-fattest
2. thin-thinner-thinnest
3. hot-hotter-hottest
4. red-redder-reddest
5. wet-wetter-wettest
6. big-bigger-biggest
<5>多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前+more构成比较级,+the most构成最高级。如:
beautiful -more beautiful - the most beautiful .
又如:
delicious , popular , important ,
interesting , expensive 等也是如此。
双音节的词如
careful-more careful -the most careful
useful -more useful -the most useful .
少数单音节词也是这样如:
pleased-more pleased -the most pleased
tired-more tried -the most tired
(2)不规则变化:
Good—better—best
Well—better--best
bad-worse worst
many, much—more—most
far-farther-farthest(距离远)
far—further—furthest(程度深)

old—elder(长幼)—eldest

old—older(年龄)--oldest

在这个单元中出现的形容词比级较和最高级如下:
<1>big-bigger-biggest
<2>popular-more popular-the most popular
<3>close-closer-the closest
<4>cheap-cheaper-the cheapest
<5>friendly-friendlier-the friendliest
<6>comfortable-more comfortable-the most comfortable
<7>good-better-the best
<8>bad-worse-the worst
<9>expensive-more expensive-the most expensive
<10>funny-funnier-the funniest
<11>dull-duller-the dullest
<12>loud-louder-the loudest
<13>quiet-quieter-the quietest
<14>creative-more creative-the most creative
<15>boring-more boring-the most boring
<16>near-nearer-the nearest
<17>cold-colder-the coldest
<18>warm-warmer-the warmest
<19>far-farther-the farthest

2. It is the closest to home.
它离家最近。close to 离...近
形容词最高级前经常+定冠词"the"
3. has good quality clothes .
有质量好的衣服。
4. As for radio stations , most people think that Jammin' 107.9 FM is really great .
这句话的意思是,至于电台,大部分人认为Jammin' 107.9 FM是真的很棒。
5. 3a Last week's talent show was a great success .
上周的天才表演真是非常成功。
success 是名词,它的形容词是successful "成功的"
He danced without music .
他无音乐伴奏,跳舞。
The prize for the funniest act went to Steve Tan and his dog , Fido.
最有趣表演奖给了Steve Tan 和他的狗Fido.
6. Sanya is in Hainan Province.
三亚在海南省。海南省要大写,介词用in 而且不加the
如河北省in He Bei Province .
It's about 15℃ in the daytime.
在白天它大约15℃左右。
in the daytime 在白天。
The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night .
旅馆一个房间一晚上的价格大约在320元左右
Harbin is in the north of China .
哈尔滨在中国的北部。
表示方位的有二个介词。一个是in;一个是to。
in the north 在北方
south 为南方,east为东方,west 为西方。
in the north of China . 表示哈尔滨在中国境内
它属于中国。此时用介词in。
如果一个地方不在一个地方内,如日本和中国的方位怎么说呢。日本在中国的东部。因为日本不在中国境内,因此我们不能用介词"in",而用介词"to"。
Japan is to the east of China .
Tourists need to wear warm clothes .
游客需要穿暖和的衣服。
There is an Ice and Snow Festival that lasts about six weeks .
有一个持续6周左右的冰雪节。
that lasts about six weeks 作Festival 的定语从句。
last是动词,表示"持续"。如雨持续了一周。The rain lasted a week .
It seldom rains and snows.
那很少下雨、下雪。 seldom 是副词表示很少、不常。
Hotels usually cut their prices in winter .
旅馆通常在冬天里减价。
cut their prices . 降价、减价。
About 200 yuan a night is enough .
一晚上大约200元足够了。
enough 可以修饰名词也可以修饰形容词。
当它修饰名词时可放在名词的前边,也可放在后边。
如足够的水,enough water
当它修饰形容词或副词时,则放在它的后边。
如:足够大big enough . 不能说成enough big . ×
There is enough water (名)here . 这里有足够的水。
Your classroom is big (形)enough . 你的教室足够大。

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新目标英语八年级上9-12单元的英语语法
答:unit9主要语法还是复习一般过去时态 unit10是讲be going to 表示计划或打算干某事 (一般将来时态)unit11是讲礼貌用语Could you please do (not do)...你/你不...好吗? 记住回答方式 unit12是讲形容词最高级方面的知识

求初二上7~12单元的英语重点词组、语法
答:1. how often 多长时间一次 2. junk food 垃圾食品 3. a lot of 许多 4. hardly ever 很少 5. start with 以…开始 6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事 7. look after 照料 8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康 9. once a day 一天一次 10. twice a month 一个月两次 11. be ...

新目标英语八年级上册7-12英语单词表(只要汉语)
答:Unit 1 第一单元单词及短语 1. how often 多久一次2.exercise锻炼;运动v.&n .3.skateboard.踩滑板;参加滑板运动v 4.hardly.几乎不;几乎没有adv5.ever.曾;曾经adv6.shop.购物v7.once.一次adv8.twice.两次;两倍adv 9.time.次;次数n10.surf.在激浪上,驾(船);在……冲浪v11.Internet.网络;互联网n 12...