关于英语从句的资料
定语从句
一、什么是定语从句？
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系词有哪些？
1、关系代词：which（指sth），that（指sb或sth），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）
2、关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）
三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别？
主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。
四、定语从句解题步骤
1、找对先行词。
2、确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。
eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.
This is the place where I lived years ago.
分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。
3、区别各关系代词的使用。
五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分？
在先行词为物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。
以下几种情况只用that:
1. 先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词。
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one that I really like.
This is the very book that I want to have.
The last place that we visited was the chemical works.
5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)，which.
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。
六、各关系副词
when：I did remember the day when I come to No. 4 High School.
where：This is the house where I lived years ago.
why：Could you please tell me the reasons why you came late to school this morning.
七、几点说明
1、在先行词为人的情况下，遇到who和 that都有的情况，如何处理？
答：如果句中已有who的情况下为避免重复，用that。
eg：Who is the girl that is speaking to my teacher?
2、在先行词为人且在定语从句中作宾语，用who还是whom？
答：一般情况两者可通用，但遇到介词提前时只能用whom。
eg：He is my English teacher from whom I learned a lot.
定语从句练习
一、填空
选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。
1. This is the comrade __________ will go to the south with us tomorrow.
2. Who”s the student __________ the teacher is talking with?
3. I like the present __________ you”ve sent to me.
4. The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.
5. This is the most difficult job __________ we”ve ever done.
6. This is the cleverest man __________ I”ve ever known.
7. I bought all __________ was necessary.
8. The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famous writer.
9. The girl to __________ I lent my bike works in a hospital.
10. All __________ come are welcome.
11. This is the girl __________ songs you heard last night.
12. She was the brave girl __________ name is known to everybody here.
13. Thank you for the help __________ you”ve done for me.
14. This radio set __________ we have had for two years is a good one.
15. The next question __________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.
二、将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。
16. He is the young writer．He wrote the book．
17．Do you know the doctor?
He comes here once a month and examines the workers．
18．The foreign guest is Mr．Green．
You saw him at the school gate．
19．He is the new head．
I was talking about him this morning．
20．I”ve received the book．
Father sent it to me。
21．The factory has got one success after another．
We visited the factory last week．
22．What”s the name of the girl?
Her grandpa took part in the Long March．
23．The man looks like the actor．
I”ve heard his songs on TV．
24．This letter is from my elder brother．
He serves in the army．
25．Do you see the bridge?
It was built last year．
26．The old man is a professor．
He teaches chemistry in a college．
27．We visited the singer yesterday．
Her performances we all like very much．
28．The old worker is still working hard with us．
His hair has turned gray．
29．The bike was not good．
You wanted to buy it．
30．The medicine didn”t help me．
Dr．Chang had given it．
31．The exercise is wrong．
We did it last night．
32．The woman is here now．
You were talking about her．
33．The bus was the wrong one．
Xiao Li was running after it．
34．The wallet has been found．
Mr．Hopkins was looking for it．
35．The recorder has been stolen．
Wang spent all the money on it．
答案
1. who/that 2. that 3. that/which 4. whom/that 5. that
6. that 7. that 8. whom/that 9. whom 10. that
11. whose 12. whose 13. which/that 14. which/that 15. that
16. He is the young writer who wrote the book.
17. Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month and examines the workers?
18. The foreign guest whom you see at the school gate is Mr. Green.
19. He is the new head whom I was talking about this morning.
20. I”ve received the book which father sent to me.
21. The factory which we visited last week has got one success after another.
22. What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?
23. The man looks like the actor whose songs I”ve heard on TV.
24. This letter is from my elder brother who serves in the army.
25. Do you see the bridge which was built last year?
26. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
27. We visited the singer yesterday whose performances we all like very much.
28. The old worker whose hair has turned grey is still working hard with us.
29. The bike which you wanted to buy was not good.
30. The medicine which Dr. Chang had given didn”t help me.
31. The exercise which we did last night is wrong.
32. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.
33. The bus which Xiao Li was running after is the wrong one.
34. The wallet which Mr. Hopkins was looking after has been found.
35. The recorder on which we spent all our money has been stolen.
所谓的从句就是本该是一个词的成分，用的是一个句子来表述。比如：定语从句就是，定语本来是一个词，现在是一个句子。例如，My sister is a middle school student. My sister is a student who studies in a middle school.在该句中，原来的定语是 middle school，在定语从句中是who studies in a middle school是一个句子。
英语中从句是一大块，很难简单地说透彻。有什么具体问题再问吧~~~~
（英语尖子生培训课 什么叫名词性从句？
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
【一】主语从句 【二】表语从句 【三】宾语从句
【四】定语从句 【五】同位语从句 【六】状语从句
【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，
引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词
A 从属连词：that，whether。
从属连词；that，whether引导的主语从句在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。如果是由It作形式主语，后面that可以省略.
1,有that 引导的主语从句如下：
1. That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
=It was obvious（that）the driver could not control his car.
2. That she was chosen made us very happy.
=it made us very happy that she was chosen
3. That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
=It is sheer luck that she is still alive
4. That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear
=It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
5. That you should have to leave is a pity
=It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
6. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.
=It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice
7. That they should like each other is natural
=It is natural that they should like each other
8. That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true
=It is true that he will not come to the meeting this evening
9. That he will help others is a fact
10. That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
=It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.
11. That we can win is certain
=It is certain that we can win.
12. That you have made a mistake is a fact.
=It is a fact that you have made a mistake
13. It is ordered that we should leave at once.
14. That you don’t like him is none of my business.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
b. It + be +V ed 分词+ that-从句
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It was reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.
It was suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is common knowledge that… 是常识
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It was a pity that we lost the match.
It was a fact that he cheated in the exam.
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It occurred to me that I forgot to send this letter
It happened that I came into the office at that time.
It is important(necessary / advisable / desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible ...)that ...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为"(should)＋动词原形",即要用虚拟语气。例如:
It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay.
几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的。
It is imperative that everyone (should) learn from practice.
每个人都应该从实践中学习。
It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided / suggested / ordered ...)that ...例如:
It is said that many people was killed in the earthquake.
据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了。
it seems(appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / ...)that ...
例如:
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
当用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:
It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether，如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.或把if 改为whether
If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.
正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
Whether he will come is not clear.
Whether it will rain or not) is not clear
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether we will go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
Whether the policeman will come is not certain.
Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijingis not known yet.
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
whether he likes the job is not clear.
.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句
What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem
8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.
B连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)
What many scientists believe is that the earth is round …
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win is uncertain.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
What is needed for success) is your hard work.
Who can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher
What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
What he needs are some books.
Who he is and where he is from are important.
What he saw are the stars in the sky
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
C连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
When they will leave is not decided.
Where she is from is unknown.
How we will paint the house has not been decided.
When they will arrive has been told to the teacher
Where we will go tomorrow hasn’t been decided yet
When he will come is not known
When he will come is a puzzle
Where we shall spend the holiday isn’t decided.
Where he comes from is a mystery.
Conclusion:主语从句作 主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式
主语从句的规律
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句， 放在句首，但if不能
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，把从句放在后面。
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即 名词性从句 （包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、 形容词性从句 （即定语从句）、 副词性从句 （即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
1、主语从句用作主语，如：：
That the earth is round is true． 地球为圆的是真实的。
2、宾语从句用作宾语。如：
Do you know where he lives?
3、表语从句用作表语，如：
My opinion is that you should not go alone． 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
4、同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：
The fact that the earth is round is true． 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）
5、定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：
The student who answered the question was John． 回答问题的学生是John．
6、状语从句相当于一个副词，如：
When it rains， I usually go to school by bus． 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）
If he comes tomorrow， you will see him． 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if ＋状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
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答：1、名词性从句：Noun Clauses。2、定语从句：Attributive Clauses。3、复杂句：Complex Sentence。4、宾语从句：Object clause。5、表语从句：Predicative Clause。6、主句：Principal Clause。7、从句：Subordinate Clause。
英语中从句有那些?
答：主语从句(Subject Clause)定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains...
初中英语定语从句有哪些需要注意的要点?
答：The reason why he is often latefor class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二:定语从句 1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when,where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where ,when., 如果指代前面整个...
