在定语从句中 that与who witch的用法区别
请参看下面的语法讲解。有问题就hi我。
A．在限定性定语从句中用that不用which的情况：
1．当先行词前有一个最高级形容词所修饰的时候。例如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen．这是我所看过的足球赛中最激烈的一场。
2．当先行词前有一个序数词所修饰时。例如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light．你首先要做的就是熄灭灯。
3．先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时。例如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class．我们为学生所做的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything（that）I need．我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
4．当先行词前面有only，all，any，no等词修饰时。例如：
The only thing that he could do was to run away．他唯一要做的就是逃跑。
There are no people that things must not happen to．不碰到事故的人是没有的。
5．先行词为人、物共存时。例如：
We haven't met the man and his dog（that）were in the street yesterday．我们没有遇到昨天在大街上的那个人和他的狗。
B.在定语从句中用which的情况。
1．关系代词在介词后面时。例如：
This is the house in which Tom once lived．这是汤姆以前住过的房子。
2．先行词为that时。例如：
What's that which you are holding in your hands？你手里举的是什么？
3．在非限定性定语从句中。例如：
Football，which is a very in teresting game，is played all over the world．世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的活动。
All the books here，which have beautiful pictures in them，were written by him．
这里所有的书都是由他写的，书中有漂亮的插图。
.当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，要用that，不用which，作宾语时可以省去。
例：
All that can be done has been done.
凡能做的事都已经做了。
You can't believe anything she says.
她所说的什么话你都不能相信。
There's nothing you can do to help.
你做什么也无能为力了。
I hope that the little that I've been able to do has been of some use.
我希望我能够做到的那一点点是有些用处的。
This reference book contains much(little)that is useful.
这本参考书中有很多（没有多少）有用的东西。
当先行词被形容词的最高级形式所修饰时，要用that, 不用which，作宾语时可以省去。例：
This is the most expensive watch(that)I've ever owned.
这是我有过的最昂贵的一块表。
This is the best article that has ever been written on this subject.
迄今为止在有关这个题目的文章中，这一篇是最好的。
当先行词被序数词或the very, the only, the last修饰时，要用that，不用which，作宾语时可以省去。例：
This is the first time(that)I've heard her sing.
这是我头一次听她唱歌。
This is the first time I've been here.
这是我头一次来这里。
That's the seventeenth beer(that)you've drunk this evening.
那可是你今天晚上喝的第十七杯啤酒了。
It was the third time he had been in love that year.
这是他那一年第三次谈恋爱了。
This is the very pen he used when he was writing the book.
他写那本书时就是用这支笔。
This is the last thing one can say about it.
决不能这样说。
To invent a lie about my mistake is the last thing I'll do.
说谎话来掩盖我的错误是我最不愿意干的事。
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
只有一件事最重要，那就是找到回家的路。
当先行词被the same修饰时，用that表示同一件物品，用as表示相类似的一件物品，不能用which。例：
This is the same one as/that you had before.
这跟你以前的一样/这就是你以前的那一个。
I saw the mistake at the(very)same moment that she did.
我与她（正好）同时发现错误。
I bought the same car as yours/that you did.
我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。
You've made the same mistakes as last time/that you made last time.
你又犯了上次所犯的同一错误。
当先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that，不能用which。例：
I like the writers and their works that you mentioned the other day.
我喜欢你前几天提到的那些作家和他们的作品。
They were talking about the persons and things that they remembered in the school.
他们在谈论他们能回忆起来在学校里的人和事。 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语是，只能用that，也可以省去，不能用which。例：
China is no longer the country that it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了。
My typewriter is not the machine(that)it was.
我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。
为避免与which重复使用时，要用that。例：
Which is the car that was made in Beijing?
哪辆汽车是北京制造的？
This is the kite ___which__ Billy gave to Tom
who代人，which代物，that两者都可，定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。
先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.
先行词 关系代词
Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.
先行词 关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.
一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
in which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.
练习：用which ，where填空
1 This is the factory where they want to visit。
2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books
3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born?
4 Is this the museum which they visited last month?
5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
6 The pencil with _which_______ he wrote was broken.
7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing?
8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to。
10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____.
二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句
中充当时间状语.
He came at a time +we needed help at a time.
介词短语
=He came at a time when we needed help
关系副词
at which we needed help
介词+关系代词
which we needed help at
关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略
that we needed help at
三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。
如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.
在这种情况下都对。 因为这里 the kite 做的是 gave 的宾语，完整的说的话 是 Billy gave the kite to Tom .
同位语只能用 that,that 肯定比which 的用法多，不过在逗号的后面有一个从句的话，那你只能用which了.
that 有指人也有指物
我记得
WHich 是指物品
都可以
who代人，which代物，that两者都可
