动词如何变成延续性动词

现在完成时中，瞬间动词转变成延续性动词都在什么情况下?或者是瞬间动词如何转变为延续性动词呢？ 就像~

现在完成时之瞬间动词转变成延续性动词
一、for\since:
1)for+一段时间，常常可以发现for+数字，for three months for a long time for many years
2)Since+时间点，常常可以发现
a. since+月份，年份，表示时间的几点 since September since 1990 since 7 o’clock b. since+一段时间+ago； since two years ago since ten months ago
c. since+ last+.... since last month since last year
二、现在完成时的结构式 has\have done 请注意第三人称：she\he\人名...+has
三、当句子为肯定句，且居中出现for\since的时候，句中的时态要用现在完成时，且句中的动词要用延续性动词。
当句子为否定句时，句中的动词可以为瞬间动词，表示某个动作不发生的状态已经持续了......
四、在有for\since的现在完成时的从句中，如何将瞬间动词转换成延续性动词
以borrow——keep为例子
They borrowed it last week. 分析：
1）我们已经知道现在完成时的标志就是has\have done，因此第一步就是看主语，主语时They，我们选择have done。
2）因为borrow——keep.而keep——过去分词：kept，因此，have borrowed就需要改成have kept.
3）Since后面只能接时间点，而last week就是一个时间点，因此，since后面直接填写last week。
五、常考的瞬间动词：
原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 动词过去分词
1. die--be dead die died died be dead been dead
2. borrow--keep borrow borrowed borrowed keep kept
3. leave--be away from leave left left be away from been away from
4. buy--have buy bought bought have had
5. begin--be(on) begin began begun be been
6. join--be a member of join joined joined be a member of been a member of be in join joined joined be in been in
1/2
7.become--be become became become be been
8.Open\close--be open open opened opened be open been open
9.finish--be over finish finished finished be over been over
10.put on--wear put put put wear worn
11.catch a cold--have a cold catch caught caught have had
12.go to--be in go went gone be in been in
13.get to know--know get got got know known
14.Arrive in\at--be in arrive arrived arrived be in been in
15.Move\come\get to--be in
16.go out--be out go went gone be been Move\come\get to--be in be in been in
举例
Mr. Smith came to this school in September.
Mr. Smith ___has____ ____been____ at this achool_____since___ September.
分析：
1, come--came--come
2, 本来应该是填写has come to，但是come to要转换成be in
3, 而be的过去分词为been因此我们填写的内容为 has been in
4，因为句子中已经有了at
，所以我们只需要填写has been

非延续性性动词转延续性动词的规律
1、用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代.如：
borrow→keep, buy→have, become →be, get up→be up, fall ill →be ill, put on→ wear, come here →be here, go there →be there, get to know → know, go (get) out →be out, fall asleep→ be asleep, get/catch a cold→have a cold
2、用“be+形容词”替代.如：
die→be dead, open→be open,end/finish → be over,
3、用“be+介词或副词”替代.如：
begin/start→ be on, join→be in/be a member of, leave→be away, come→be in/here, go→be away/out, reach/arrive/get to→stay/be in

动词按其动作发生的方式发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作能够延续,如 learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等因为延续性动词表示的动作可以延续,所以可以与表示一段时间的状语连用非延续性动词也称为终止性动词瞬间动词,表示这种动作发生后在较短时间内就结束,不能延续,如 open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等非延续性动词在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而在否定句中则可以,因为终止性动词的否定形式表示的动作是可以延续的 [典型考例] I ______ the CD player for three months. It’s very helpful. A. kept B. have kept C. lent D. have borrowed(2006年韶关市) [答案与简析]题干中的 for three months 表示的是一段时间,此类段时间状语常与动词的完成时态连用,故首先可以排除AC两项而选项D虽是完成时态,但 borrow 是终止性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,也可予以排除因此,正确答案为B —It’s 10 o’clock now. I must go. —It’s raining outside. Don’t leave______it stops. A. when B. since C. while D. until(2006年孝感市) [答案与简析] 题干中的 leave “离开”虽然是终止性动词,但其否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用四个备选项中的 when, since, while 引导的时间状语通常表示时间点,而 until 引导的时间状语通常表示一段时间,且与 not 连用,构成“not... until”结构,与题意相符,故正确答案为D 像 leave, begin, borrow, lend, get up 等终止性动词或短语,如果要用在含有表示一段时间的句子中,可以用表示同样意思的延续性动词或短语来替换,如: leavebe away(from), borrowkeep, diebe dead, buyhave, begin/startbe on, finishbe over, fall asleepbe asleep,get upbe up,come herebe here, go therebe there,becomebe,come backbe back,get to/ arrive/reachbe(in),returnbe back,joinbe in... /be a member of... 等 [典型考例] —How long______the film KING KONG______ ? —For two years. A. borrowed B. lent C. had D. bought(2006年宜昌市) [答案与简析]两题题干中的问句都用 how long 对一段时间状语提问,暗示谓语动词须用延续性动词,而两题中的备选项除了选项C是延续性动词外,其他选项均为终止性动词,因此,两题的正确答案均为C

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