非谓语动词不定式在句中做什么成分
在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词有动词不定式;动名词;现在分词;过去分词 非谓语动词用法: (1可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语,宾语,表语. (2可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语,表语或宾语补足语. (3可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语 (一)动词不定式:(to)+do,否定式:not + (to) do (1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在 谓语动词动作之后 I'm glad to meet you. (2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 He seems to be reading in his room (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 I happened to have seen the film _2.不定式的句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall. (3)作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面, Marx found it important to study English well. (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force,call on, wait for, invite. (5)作定语: 动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系: ①动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点,工具等,应有必要的介词 He found a good house to live in. ②说明所修饰名词的内容: We have made a plan to finish the work. ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语: He is the first to get here. (6)作状语: ①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money. ②表结果: He arrived late to find the train gone. ③表原因: They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度: It's too dark for us to see anything. (二)动名词 1.动名词的形式 否定式:not + 动名词 (1)一般式: Seeing is believing. 眼见为实. (2)被动式: He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会. (3)完成式: We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影. (4)完成被动式: He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过. (5)否定式:not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告. 2.动名词的句法功能: (1)作主语: Reading aloud is very helpful. It's no use quarrelling. (2)作表语: In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵. (3)作宾语: They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝. We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好. (4)作定语: Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗 (三)现在分词 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能. 1,现在分词的形式:否定式:not + 现在分词 (1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如: They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去. (2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作. The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要. 2.现在分词的句法功能: (1)作定语: The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲. (2)现在分词作表语: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒. (3)作宾语补足语 He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着. (4)现在分词作状语: ①作时间状语: (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人. ②作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人. ③作方式状语 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗. ④作条件状语: (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间. ⑤作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎. ⑥作目的状语: He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了. ⑦作让步状语: Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了. (四)过去分词 过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词 没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住. 过去分词的句法功能: 1.过去分词作定语: Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行. 2.过去分词作表语: The window is broken. 窗户破了. 3.过去分词作宾语补足语: I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了 4.过去分词作状语: Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.(表示原因) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.(表示时间) Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.(表示条件) Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.(表示让步)
先搞清楚主句（主谓宾）的意思,再看看非谓语动词部分的意思,你就会知道该怎样联立句子的两个部分了.他一般做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义.
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.
1、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣.(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
(3）不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语也是不定式（表示结果）.
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见.
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活.
3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用.
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务.
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
3、它还能作定语.
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的.
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的.
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃.
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做.
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去.
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字.
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的.
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式.
4、它能作状语,表伴随,有时表时间条件结果原因目的等.重点你要搞清楚,逻辑主语跟该动词的关系是被动还是主动,你才能搞清楚他们的关系、
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的.
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划.(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划.(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件.动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因.
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间.(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西.(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西.(条件)
His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活.(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架.(结果)
We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息.(原因)
5．非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语.它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语.如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定.(主语)
I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办.(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河.(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书.（双重宾语）
注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事.
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）.
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to.这类词有：
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等.如：
Let him do it.让他做吧.
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了.
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to,如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶.
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中.例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干.
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带.
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说.
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法.
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式.例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的.
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语.例如：
It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的.
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词.例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去.
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚.
6、非谓语动词中的有关句型
（1）动名词作主语的句型
1）Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术.Seeing is believing.眼见为实.
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用.
It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣.
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间.
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用.
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你.
It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好.
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费.
非谓语动词用法:
(1可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语,宾语,表语.
(2可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语,表语或宾语补足语.
(3可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在 谓语动词动作之后
I'm glad to meet you.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生
He seems to be reading in his room
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
I happened to have seen the film
_2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn,
pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,
Marx found it important to study English well.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:
want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause,
force,call on, wait for, invite.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点,工具等,应有必要的介词
He found a good house to live in.
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
(二)动名词
1.动名词的形式 否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会.
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful.
It's no use quarrelling.
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.
(4)作定语:
Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗
(三)现在分词
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.
1,现在分词的形式:否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作
同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.
(3)作宾语补足语
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.
③作方式状语
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.
(四)过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词
没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住.
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了.
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.(表示让步)
我见过的话，一般是作补语，比如说：I have something to do.这里的to do就是作补语的。。。
谁能用最普通的话给我讲讲非谓语动词的用法, 能系统讲一下么
答：回答如下：非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式。动名词：作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。分词（包括现在和过去分词）：作状语、表语、定语、宾补。不定式：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语。
非谓语动词不定式在句中做什么成分
答：我见过的话，一般是作补语，比如说：I have something to do.这里的to do就是作补语的。。。
非谓语动词作定语,宾语,宾补的区别
答：非谓语动词即 不定式， 现在分词， 过去分词共三种。现在分词 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to mak...
英语中什么叫非谓语动词,在句中担当什么成分,以什么形式出现?
答：非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有 （1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 （2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 （3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
动词不定式在句子中可以做什么成分
答：动词不定式在句子中可以做主语，表语，宾语，状语，定语。动词不定式，为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一...
在英语中,什么叫动词不定式
答：动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:一。带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式...
非谓语动词有哪些作用?
答：如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。4、谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
英语完成句子,关于作定语的非谓语动词
答：not the one to blame blame的用法特殊，要用to blame这种主动形式表示被动意义。如：You are to blame.我要责备你了。题中to blame作后置定语，修饰the one。
非谓语动词有哪些?
答：非谓语动词有三种形式，分别是：不定式，动名词，分词。根据语法规则，不定式在句子中可以充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语；动名词在句中可以充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，现在分词在句中充当表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语；过去分词在句中充当表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语。在英语语言规则中...
非谓语动词作状语的用法
答：【解析】 题干中的the merry tune作非谓语动词的宾语,所以排除表达被动意义的C, D两项;不定式放于句首只能作目的状语;现在分词放于句首时,可以作伴随状语,说明“杰克一边吹这欢乐的小调,一边装这轮胎”。答案为A。 但也有相当一部分只能放句子后面,都可以放:【例题7】 (2004陕西省高三调研题 · 31) All ...
