有没有人可以跟我详细说说英语中虚拟语气的规则,最好有巧记的方法哦~

作者&投稿:钟离章 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
有没有人可以跟我详细说说英语中虚拟语气的规则,最好~

太过复杂,一下说不完

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法


(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:


J I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)


J If it should rain,we wouldn't go out.(将来)


J If I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)


J If he were here,we could ask him.(现在)


(2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如:


J If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.


J She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy.


J If I hadn't taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.


J If only you hadn't told him the news.


(3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:


J Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.


J Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.


J Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.


(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:


J If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).


J If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).





2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法


在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:


J I suggest that we(should)set off at once.


JThe doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.


JI wish I were as strong as you.


J I would rather that you hadn't told him.





3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法


在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:


J It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.


JIt is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.


JIt is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.





4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。


在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:


J Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.


J My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.


J Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?





5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法


在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:


JThey talked as if they had been friends for years.


J She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.


J He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.





6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:


在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。


J It’s time I was going.


J It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.

1、与现在事实相反的假设 虚拟条件句 If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词都要用were) 主句 主语+should\would\could\might +动词原形例句 If I were you, I would attend the meeting.2、与过去事实相反的假设 虚拟条件句 If+主语+had+过去分词 主句 主语+should\would\could\might +have+过去分词 例句 If I had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.3、与将来事实相反的假设 虚拟条件句 * If+主语+动词过去式 * If+主语+were to +动词原形 * If +主语+should +动词原形 主句 主语+should\would\could\might + 动词原形 例句 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next Monday.以上是虚拟语气的基本法则。还是蛮有规律的,多看看就会了。以下是拓展内容,就算搞不懂也无碍。1、If省略句中,仅把were,had,should提到句首,变倒装句如:If I were at school again ,I would study harder.变倒装句 Were I at school again ,I would study harder.2、错综时间条件句主句与从句的时间不一样。并且明显点出。如:If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.由从句看应是与过去事实相反的假设 虚拟条件句 If+主语+had+过去分词 主句 主语+should\would\could\might +have+过去分词由主句看应是与现在事实相反的假设 虚拟条件句 If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词都要用were) 主句 主语+should\would\could\might +动词原形将主句从句组装一下,成了此句If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

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