ness, ly, ful, less, tion, tive, er, est, ed, th, able,al分别是什么词变什么词

作者&投稿:阚帝 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
形容词后缀ful的用法~

ful一般作为后缀加在名词后,构成形容词,表示充满…的;表示有…倾向的;表示有…性质的;表示充满…的
如colorful多彩的;beautiful美丽的;useful有用的;meaningful有意义的等
反义后缀往往是:-less,意为“without”,表示否定意义的-less是个本族语派生后缀,原意为free from 或without。它主要加在名词后面,构成相应的形容词,意为without(无...的),lacking(缺乏...的),free from(没有...的)等;
如:colorless无色的;useless无用的;helpless无助的

变成动词
1. adj./n. +ize ------ v. …化
computerize, modernize, realize, socialize, centralize, specialize, normalize, popularize, memorize, apologize, criticize, hospitalize,
2. n./adj.+ en ------ v. 使...
soften, shorten, widen, threaten, sharpen.
3. en + n. ------v. 使成为...
endanger, enjoy, enlarge, enrich, enable,
4. n. /adj. +fy-------vt. 使…
beautify, specify, simplify,


变成名词
--ment: movement, development, payment, retirement, excite, attach
---ness: 抽象名词,状态,性质,程度:soft, hot, cold, ill, fit, weak, loneliness, bitter, stubbornness, helplessness, emptiness,
---ship: 身份,地位 membership, professorship, scholarship, friendship
v. n.(adj.) + y---n. 抽象名词:beauty, jealousy, mastery, enquiry, honesty, accuracy, difficulty, recovery, modesty, recovery
adj.+ ity----n. regular, solid, equal, stupid, responsible, electricity, cruelty, hospitality
v. + ation (tion) ---n. prepare, admiration, association, organization, repeat, compete, perfection
adj. +th. ---n. long, wide, strength, grow,
--ce (cy)----n. patience, convenience, difference, confidence, independence, efficiency, infancy, democracy, bureaucracy, innocence, existence, secret(secrecy), private, bankrupt, intimate.
--ful. mouthful, handful, houseful
其它:relieve---- relief, appear---appearance, disappear—disappearance, king---kingdom, free---freedom, see--- sight, bravery, mockery, snobbery


变成形容词
--ing, excite, please, surprise
--ed, excite, please, surprise
--ful eventful, forget, joy, hope, success, dutiful
--less, careless, mindless, helpless, limitless, selfishless, speechless, shameless----n. ness
---able, imagine, cure, comparable, valuable, sensible,
---(a)tive, creative, active, image, produce, sensitive, effective, informative, talkative, imitative, preventive
---some, tiresome, troublesome, awesome, wearisome, lonesome, fearsome, quarrelsome, burdonsome
--ary, moment---momentary, custom---customary, revolutionary
其它:office-official, face – facial, please – pleasant


否定前缀
in: 相反的性质,对立 equality, justice, curable, capable, ability, immortal, moral, perfect, regular, legal, competence, correct, formal, efficiency, proper, justice, religious, responsible, resistibly, relevant, rational,
un: fortunate, approve, honest, happy, lucky, grateful, easy
dis: agree, approve, honest, appear,
non: nonsense, non-existent, non-smoker, non-violence, non-verbal, non-standard, non-iron
anti : anti-war, anti-trust, anti-cancer, anticlockwise, antiknock, antifreeze, anti-fascist,
over—过于,overcrowded, oversleep, overwork, overjoy, overestimate, oversimplify, overburden, overreacted, oversimplify


合成词
直接合成
adj. + n. ---n. short-term, sweetheart, gentlemen, newcomer, sweetheart, briefcase
adj. + n.---adj. 一般加连字符 first-rate, first-hand, high-grade,
n. + n. –n. notebook, sunglasses, newspaper, headline, thumbnail, gravestone, fireplace
n. + adj. – adj. airtight, snow-white, self-confident, color-blind, seasick, blood-red, home-sick, coal-black, ice-cold, seasick
v. + adv. ---n. feedback, sit-in, set-up, check-out, take-off, breakthrough, comeback


有变化
n. + 及物动词+er——复合名词best-seller, lie-detector, lady-killer, type-writer, tape-recorder, pain-killer, watch-maker, record-holder, tax-payer,
n. +过分---adj. heartfelt, machine-made, self-educated, battery-powered, computer-designed, bloodshot, home-made, snow-covered, heart-broken, panic-stricken, ox-eyed, iron-willed, star-shaped, honey-mouthed, cream-colored, war-torn,
n. + v.ing --- 名词 air-conditioning, paper-correcting, horn-blowing, money-making, sight-seeing, house-keeping
adj./adv./n. + v.ing ---形容词labor-saving, breath-taking, life-giving, hardworking, high-sounding, innocent-looking, far-reaching, ever-lasting, good-looking,
adj./数+n.+ed.---adj. blue-eyed, good-mannered, bad-tempered, broad-minded, one-sided, double-faced, three-legged, medium-sized, cold-blooded, deep-rooted, double-faced,
n. +n. +ed ---adj. cone-shaped, level-headed, web-footed, ox-eyed, star-shaped, iron-willed, cream-colored, honey-mouthed
adj./adv. + 过去分词---adj. ill-natured, well-informed, so-called, well-kept, well-grounded, widespread, well-dressed, poorly-written, newborn, highly-praised


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一般ness是名词,ly是副词,ful是形容词,less表示没有或少的名词,tion是名词,tive是形容词,er名词表示人或职业,est形容词表示最高级,ed过去时,th序数词,able形容词表示能力,al形容词。
但是不一定所有都是如此,有特殊情况,遇到陌生词查字典会比较好。