J.D.塞林格的简介
麦田里的守望者
短篇小说集《九故事》是美国当代著名作家J.D.塞林格继《麦田里的守望者》之后出版的第二本书，初版于一九五三年，其中除《下到小船里》《德·杜米埃·史密斯的蓝色时期》外，其余七篇均发表于《纽约客》杂志。《九故事》是J.D.塞林格的代表作，也是世界公认的当代经典短篇小说集。一共有九个故事，分别是《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》、《威格利大叔在康涅狄格州》、《献在跟爱斯基塞人开战之前》、《笑面人》、《下到小船里》、《为埃斯米而作——既有爱也有污秽凄苦》、《嘴唇美丽而我的双眸澄碧》、《德·杜米埃-史密斯的蓝色时期》、《特迪》。这本书对于初次看塞林格小说的人来说，有很多迷惑之处，比如：《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》里边的西摩为什么要自杀？《笑面人》中酋长与赫德森小姐到底是怎样一种关系？还有《下到小船里》，一个才4岁大的孩子成天要往外边跑，莫非在躲避什么？至于《特迪》一篇扑朔迷离的事情就更多了，那个习惯沉思冥想的男孩本身就很奇怪，他不知怎么进入了根本不是孩童所拥有的精神世界。值得注意的是，塞林格这些作品写到的孩童几乎都有着某种异秉，像《威格利大叔在康涅狄格州》里边的拉蒙娜，像《为埃斯米而作》里边的查尔斯，也都给人怪怪的甚至是荒诞的感觉。小女孩拉蒙娜居然有一个自己虚构的小情人吉米，“生着一双绿眼睛，黑头发，没有雀斑，有一把剑……”她每天伴着这个吉米，一块儿吃东西，一块儿玩耍，睡觉时竟生怕翻身把吉米给压着。很难说这想象中包含着何种寓意或暗示，面对此中的层层迷雾，许多研究者只能隔靴搔痒地往远处扯去，未敢强作解人。不过，评论家布拉德伯利所著《美国现代小说论》一书对《九故事》表示了这样一种看法：“（作者）把儿童的世界看成是真实的世界，而成人的世界则只是一个正从内部毁坏的、把人类之爱永远牺牲于卑劣的肮脏处所。”这个解释其实就是那个名叫特迪的小男孩想要申述的意思。特迪跟人谈到情感与认识，谈到教育问题，认为他的父母“似乎无法按我们本来的面目来爱我们”……在他看来，自从亚当吃了那只苹果之后，人类就让逻辑那玩意儿给套牢了，所以他总要叫人“把苹果呕吐出来”。
Jerome David Salinger was born in New York City on January 1, 1919, to a Jewish father, Sol Salinger, a successful importer of hams and cheeses, and a Christian mother, Miriam Jillich Salinger. He was the second of two children; his sister, Doris, was eight years his senior. Salinger attended public schools on the upper West Side of Manhattan and seems to have been an average student.
At age thirteen, Salinger was enrolled in the prestigious McBurney School in Manhattan, but he was dismissed with failing grades after a year. He was then sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania, which was to become the model for Pencey Prep in The Catcher in the Rye (1951). At Valley Forge, Salinger was the literary editor of the school yearbook, and there he wrote his first stories.
After he graduated from Valley Forge, Salinger attended the summer session at New York University, then accompanied his father to Vienna to learn the Polish ham business. He soon returned to the United States, however, and entered college again, this time at Ursinus College in Pennsylvania. He wrote a column called “The Skipped Diploma” for the Ursinus Weekly, but he dropped out in the middle of his first semester there. He then enrolled in a story-writing class at Columbia University taught by Whit Burnett, editor of Story magazine. Salinger’s first published story, “The Young Folks,” appeared in the March/April, 1940, issue of Story.
Salinger subsequently published stories in Collier’s and Esquire magazines, and more stories in Story, before being drafted into the Army in 1942. He attended officer training school, achieved the rank of staff sergeant, and was sent to Devonshire, England, for counterintelligence training. On D day, June 6, 1944, Salinger landed on Utah Beach in Normandy with the Fourth Army Division. As a security officer, he was assigned to interrogate captured Germans and French civilians to identify Gestapo agents. While in France, Salinger met Ernest Hemingway, to whom he later wrote an admiring letter.
After the war ended, Salinger was hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in Nuremberg, Germany, but continued to write and publish stories, as he had done throughout the war. He returned to New York in 1947 and signed a contract to write stories for The New Yorker. In 1950, Salinger’s story “For Esmé — with Love and Squalor” was designated one of the distinguished American stories of the year. Salinger spent much of this period in Greenwich Village, where he associated with other young writers and artists, and reportedly dated a wide variety of women in order to collect dialogue for his stories. He also began to exhibit a keen interest in religion — particularly Zen Buddhism, which would greatly influence his work.
Another Salinger characteristic that began to manifest itself at this time was a desire for isolation. Salinger left Greenwich Village for a cottage in Tarrytown, New York (although he is said to have finished writing The Catcher in the Rye in a room near the Third Avenue El in New York City). When The Catcher in the Rye was published in 1951, Salinger went to Europe to avoid publicity and the following year traveled to Mexico. In 1953, he bought ninety acres of land on the Connecticut River in Cornish, New Hampshire. During that year, he agreed for the first and last time to be interviewed by a reporter — a sixteen-year-old high school girl writing for a local newspaper.
After marrying and divorcing a French doctor named Sylvia, in 1955 Salinger married Claire Douglas, an English-born graduate of Radcliffe College. Salinger is said to have written the story “Franny” (1955) as a wedding present for Claire, and the heroine of the story is supposed to be based on her. The couple had two children before divorcing in 1967. In 1972, Salinger began an affair with Joyce Maynard, who, at age nineteen, was just a few years older than his daughter at that time. Maynard is a writer whose memoir of life with Salinger, At Home in the World, was published in 1998. In the 1980’s, Salinger married a woman named Colleen.
Though his wife was reportedly active in the community where they lived, Salinger continued to be extremely reclusive until his death on January 27, 2010 at his home in Cornish, New Hampshire. Despite frequent fan mail and attempts to contact him, Salinger refused all requests for interviews and declined all correspondence. His daughter, Margaret Salinger, against her father’s will, went public with their family life with the publication of her book Dream Catcher: A Memoir in 2000. Salinger continually refused to comment on his published work, saying, “The stuff’s all there in the stories; there’s no use talking about it.”
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答：沉默之声——《麦田里的守望者》的两个主题 霍尔顿·考尔菲德是美国作家，J.D.塞林格，迄今为止唯一一部长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》中的主角。翻开小说，霍尔顿玩世不恭的形象就跃然纸上，粗话俯拾即是。这就是为何这本书曾一度被视作洪水猛兽。但如果你仔细阅读的话，不难发现主角霍尔顿孩子气的...
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急求!!!塞林格《九故事》的简介,九个故事都要如题 谢谢了
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塞林格的书,《麦田里的守望者》,你看了之后的真正感悟是什么?对作者...
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