英语简单句和陈述句的构成

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英语简单句和陈述句的构成~

英语简单句的构成
1.主语+系动词+表语
系动词和表语一起构成复合谓语
2.主语+谓语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

陈述句:分为肯定句和否定句(全否定和半否定)

肯定句:基本结构为主+谓
例如:It is cold in winter.
He went to London to pass his holiday.

否定句:
1、全否定:用not, no, never, neither, none, nothing等否定。表示“完全不是,完全不”的意思。
例如:He is not a worker.
Nothing is wrong with me.

2、半否定句:在句子里用否定词hardly, scarcely, little, few, seldom, rarely等。
例如:I hardly see anything in the room.
=I can see little in the room.

“all/both/every/each/+谓语+not”表示概念为“有的是,有的不是”
例如:All of them are not students.
=Some of them are students, some are not.

3、宾语从句的否定形式:用在think, believe, suppose引导的宾语从句里则否定主句。
例如:I don't think he'll come.
=He will not come in fact, I think.

1 只包含一个主谓结构的句子就叫做简单句 这么简单!
2 陈述句否定式的构成
(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.(肯定)
He is not playing the guitar.(否定)
We can get there before dark.(肯定)
We can’t get thee before dark.(否定)
(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.(肯定)
He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)
She won the game.(肯定)
She didn’t win the game.(否定)
(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
He has some books. →He has not any books.
(4) 除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如:
There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.

陈述句的五种基本句型
(1) 主语+连系动词+表语
(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+ 直接宾语
(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)v.+宾语+宾语补足语
定义:
陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者 说话人的看法。它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在朗读时用降调。
语序:
陈述句是用来 描述一个 事实。日常生活中使用的大部分句子都是陈述句。在陈述句中动词在第二位。第一位可以是 主语,也可以是 状语,还可以是 宾语。而不管句子怎么变, 动词(或者 助动词)总是在第二位。主语的位置则总是在动词的两边,要么在第一位,要么在第三位。当出现助动词或情态动词时,助动词或 情态动词在第二位, 行为动词在最后一位。

英语简单句的构成
1.主语+系动词+表语
系动词和表语一起构成复合谓语
2.主语+谓语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
陈述句:分为肯定句和否定句(全否定和半否定)
肯定句:基本结构为主+谓
例如:It
is
cold
in
winter.
He
went
to
London
to
pass
his
holiday.
否定句:
1、全否定:用not,
no,
never,
neither,
none,
nothing等否定。表示“完全不是,完全不”的意思。
例如:He
is
not
a
worker.
Nothing
is
wrong
with
me.
2、半否定句:在句子里用否定词hardly,
scarcely,
little,
few,
seldom,
rarely等。
例如:I
hardly
see
anything
in
the
room.
=I
can
see
little
in
the
room.
“all/both/every/each/+谓语+not”表示概念为“有的是,有的不是”
例如:All
of
them
are
not
students.
=Some
of
them
are
students,
some
are
not.
3、宾语从句的否定形式:用在think,
believe,
suppose引导的宾语从句里则否定主句。
例如:I
don't
think
he'll
come.
=He
will
not
come
in
fact,
I
think.
1
只包含一个主谓结构的句子就叫做简单句
这么简单!
2
陈述句否定式的构成
(1)
如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He
is
playing
the
guitar.(肯定)
He
is
not
playing
the
guitar.(否定)
We
can
get
there
before
dark.(肯定)
We
can’t
get
thee
before
dark.(否定)
(2)
如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,
doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He
plays
the
violin
well.(肯定)
He
doesn’t
play
the
violin
well.(否定)
She
won
the
game.(肯定)
She
didn’t
win
the
game.(否定)
(3)
如果句子是there
be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:
There
is
some
water
in
the
cup.
→There
is
not
any
water
in
the
cup.
He
has
some
books.
→He
has
not
any
books.
(4)
除not以外,否定词no,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
few等也可构成否定句。例如:
There
is
something
wrong
with
his
bike.
→There
is
nothing
wrong
with
his
bike.
I
have
seen
the
film.
→I
have
never
seen
the
film.

英语简单句的构成
1.主语+系动词+表语
系动词和表语一起构成复合谓语
2.主语+谓语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
陈述句:分为肯定句和否定句(全否定和半否定)
肯定句:基本结构为主+谓
例如:It
is
cold
in
winter.
He
went
to
London
to
pass
his
holiday.
否定句:
1、全否定:用not,
no,
never,
neither,
none,
nothing等否定。表示“完全不是,完全不”的意思。
例如:He
is
not
a
worker.
Nothing
is
wrong
with
me.
2、半否定句:在句子里用否定词hardly,
scarcely,
little,
few,
seldom,
rarely等。
例如:I
hardly
see
anything
in
the
room.
=I
can
see
little
in
the
room.
“all/both/every/each/+谓语+not”表示概念为“有的是,有的不是”
例如:All
of
them
are
not
students.
=Some
of
them
are
students,
some
are
not.
3、宾语从句的否定形式:用在think,
believe,
suppose引导的宾语从句里则否定主句。
例如:I
don't
think
he'll
come.
=He
will
not
come
in
fact,
I
think.
1
只包含一个主谓结构的句子就叫做简单句
这么简单!
2
陈述句否定式的构成
(1)
如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He
is
playing
the
guitar.(肯定)
He
is
not
playing
the
guitar.(否定)
We
can
get
there
before
dark.(肯定)
We
can’t
get
thee
before
dark.(否定)
(2)
如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,
doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He
plays
the
violin
well.(肯定)
He
doesn’t
play
the
violin
well.(否定)
She
won
the
game.(肯定)
She
didn’t
win
the
game.(否定)
(3)
如果句子是there
be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:
There
is
some
water
in
the
cup.
→There
is
not
any
water
in
the
cup.
He
has
some
books.
→He
has
not
any
books.
(4)
除not以外,否定词no,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
few等也可构成否定句。例如:
There
is
something
wrong
with
his
bike.
→There
is
nothing
wrong
with
his
bike.
I
have
seen
the
film.
→I
have
never
seen
the
film.

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