关于that，which，who，whom。
牢记who和whom都仅指人，which仅指物，that人物均可，选项一般有这三个肯定选that
特殊to
which
to
whom
There
is
a
book,which
is
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dirty.
英语句子中什么时候用that、who、whom、whose、which、when、in which等
in which是先行词为某个地方时候用的，相当于where on which就是先行词是某一天，相当于when which就是先行词是某一样物体，一件事 who就是先行词为人的时候用的
whom就是先行词是人，而且是有介词或者是宾语 例如：The man whom I met yesterday is his father 因为是I met “him”
whose就是先行词是谁的、人或物体的都行，表示那样东西是属于我或者某件物体的
that就是可以代who which的 不过有些情况下是不可以用的
就是在非限定性定语从句里面
不过有些情况是必须得用的
就是先行词是不定代词，比如anything something 先行词中有最高级修饰的是候也只能用that 先行词包括人和物也是用that 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as 。 关系副词有：when, where, why ,how 。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换),例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity繁荣 which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别： 1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food. c)多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend . ②先行词为those , people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the true .
③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work . ④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you . ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German . ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest 谦虚的and studies very hard .
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does .
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b) 先行词有the only, the very正是的, the just不过如此 , 修饰时，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water .
c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
3
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper贫民” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited .
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate . f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be . 2 、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why，how
关系副词when, where, why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I’m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem . 注意：
①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如：They set up a state规定 for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes黑人 as slaves奴隶 .
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 Is this the book which (that) she was looking for ?
3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句 She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten .
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard . There are five continents洲 in the world , the largest of which is Asia . 4、 as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别：
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'的意思。 As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 用法区别：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 As we all know , he never smokes .
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect , think , suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected .
4
(4)As 的用法 the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here . We should have such a dictionary as he is using .
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要用逗号隔开
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
内容提要
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
1．who, whom, whose引导定语从句
Who, whom引导定语从句先行词是“人”，who可以在句中做主语和宾语，whom在从句中只能做宾语，whose先行词既可是人也可是物，后面必有名词，它在从句中做定语。
God helps those who help themselves.
Don’t make friend with those whom you don’t know well.
2．that, which,as引导定语从句
that引导限制性定语从句，先行词可以是人(=who)也可以是物（=which），可做主语、宾语或表语；which引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，先行词必须是“物”，在从句中做主、宾、表语；as引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是代词，可以是句子，引导的从句也是可位于主句之前或者之后。
Everyone needs someone that he feels really listens to.
Passion is any emotion that can moves you.
Love is the master key which opens the gate of happiness.
The young need to have ambition and dreams, which are their privileges.
Take such measures as the situation calls for.
Few people are total winner or loser, as we have noted.
以下情况下只可用that,不能用which来引导：
1）先行词由形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时，由that引导；
What is the worst that could possibly happen?
Attitude is the first quality that marks the successful man.
2）先行词为all,few,little,much,everything,something等，由that引导；
Although one knows people around the world, there are few that are close friends.
Everything that you do has an influence on lives of other people.
3）先行词被all, few,much,,every,no,some,any修饰时，由that引导；
All the books that you need are there.
Some poems that we learned in childhood contain words of great wisdom.
4）先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时，由that引导；
To face fear is the only method that really works.
This is the very food that I am looking for.
5）先行词既有人又包含了事物时，由that引导；
They talked about the author and his novel that I’m interested in.
The meeting and its presider that he mentioned just now appeared in the newspaper.
6）主句以who, which或there be开头时，由that引导；
Who is the man that is speaking over there?
There are many plans that cann’t be carried at once.
以下情况下只可用which,不能用：
1）非限制性定语从句中，不用that而用which引导
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a crowded city.
2）介词+引导词结构中，不用that而用which引导
This is he hotel in which you will stay.
3）两个定语从句中，前一个是that来引导，后一个用which引导
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened.
以下情况下只可用as,不能用which来引导：
1)先行词是such, the same,as 时，从句要用as来引导
There are as good fish in the area as ever came out of it.
2)从句在主句的前面修饰整个主句时，从句要用as来引导
As somebody says,’’ No one can hert you without your consent“
3)在一些固定的句式里，as不能换成which来引导从句
As has been said (presented, mentioned, outlined,discussed) above…,….
4．“介词+whom/which”引导从句
Experience is a school from which you will never graduate.
Each of us has a purpose for which we were created.
Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.
牢记who和whom都仅指人，which仅指物，that人物均可，选项一般有这三个肯定选that
特殊to which to whom There is a book,which is very dirty.
答：1） that既可以指人又可以指物，在句子中常作“主语”，“宾语”。
2） which只能指物，在句子中常作“主语”，“宾语”，too.
3) who只能指人，在句子中作“主语”或“宾语”。
4） whom只能指人，在句子中只作“宾语”。
5）that和which的区别（这是考试中最长出现的）
a. that只能引导限制性定语从句，which既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
b. 当前面的名词为不定代词或者有最高级时，只能用“that”引导。
c. 当前面为介词时，只能用“which”引导。
原创，绝无摘抄！
建议楼主最好买本语法书，先把句子成分弄清了，学习英语语法就完成一半了。 88
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答：关系代词. 或这个 which 只带这件事 what指代内容 what可以引导名词性从句，在从句中可做主语、宾语、表语。which是关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语。引导定语从句的词分为关系代词（which,that,who,whom,whose,as）关系副词（when,where,why）,注意：没有what.简单...
关于which,that
答：2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 。 二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明...
that which 定语从句的区别
答：that引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中也可做主语、宾语、表语。关于which和that的常考点：一、在限制性定语从句中，只能用that不能用which的情况：1）当先行词是指物的不定代词。例：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2）当先行词前面有下列词修饰...
which和that的区别
答：which和that的区别如下：1、适用范围不同。which指代主句宾语：s+verb+o，which指代o。which指代主句主语：s+verb，which。that的适用范围：不定代词为先行词。any、all、each、every、little、few、no、much、many为先行词。人+物为先行词。2、用法不相同。which的用法是介词加which等于连词。that用法...
