反义疑问句的相关知识

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反意疑问句相关知识~

百科名片
即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。 1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否 2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯

目录

反意疑问句
英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍
反意疑问句的回答
反意疑问句的几点特殊情况
反意疑问句
英语18种特殊的反意疑问句 介绍
反意疑问句的回答
反意疑问句的几点特殊情况
展开 编辑本段反意疑问句
当我们陈述了一个事实,而又不是很有把握,就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句,称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句: (1) You like classical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐,对吗? (2 ) He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳,对吗? (3)Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳,是吗? (4) Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐,对吗? (5) This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行,对吗? 从以上句子可以看出,反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be(肯定或否定)+主语 (代词)” 构成的。 在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点: 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的,反意疑问句就要用否定形式,如(1)、(2)、(3);前面的陈述句如果是否定的,反意疑问句就要用肯定形式,如(4)、(5); 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词; 3.反意疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。 陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词,反意疑问句要用肯定式。如: They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过,是吧? 在回答反意疑问句时,要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句: ——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人,对吧? ——Oh yes, he is.不对,他是美国人。 可以看出,在英语中,无论问题是怎样问的,只要答语的事实是肯定句,就要用YES;只要答语的事实是否定的,就要用NO.
编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
介绍
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如: Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗? Let引导的祈使句有两种情况: 1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如: Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗? 还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。 2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如: Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗? 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如: What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧? 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如: He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗? 4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如: I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是吗? 5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如: Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧? 6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如: Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗? No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗? 7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如: This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗? These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗? 8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如: One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧? 9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如: He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗? 10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如: It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧? 11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如: You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗? 12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如: What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧? 13.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如: I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗? 14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如: They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗? 15.陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如: You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧? 16.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如: There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗? 17.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如: We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗? 18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如: He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧? Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?
反意疑问句的回答
在回答的时候, 如果是前肯后否的句子,思维和中国人相同;如果是前否后肯的句子,思维正好同中国人相反: He is a student, isn't he? (他是个学生,不是吗?) Yes, he is.(是的,他是学生) No, he isn't.(不是,他不是学生) He doesn't like playing football, does he?(他不喜欢踢球,是吗?) Yes, he does.(不是,他喜欢踢球) No, he doesn't.(是的,他不喜欢踢球) I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老师,是吗?) Yes, I am.(不是, 我是一名老师。) No, I am not.(是的,我不是一名老师。) 对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗? ---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. ,是 他喜欢。/ 不 他不喜欢。 ---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? ---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加 若be动词后是never//few//little,后面的动词仍用肯定形式
反意疑问句的几点特殊情况
反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意: 1.当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时,简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词,如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如: Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they?

反意疑问句的种类和结构
反意疑问句是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的,其疑问部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,其基本句子结构有以下两种:
 1. 肯定陈述句+简略否定问句,即:前肯后否。如:
It’s veryhot today, isn’t it? 今天很热,是吗?
 2. 否定陈述句+简略肯定问句,即:前否后肯。如:
Bill didn’twant to go, did he? 比尔不想去,是吧?
反意疑问句构成上的几条原则
 1. 简略问句中的be动词、情态动词或助动词在人称、数及时态上,应和陈述部分相一致。
  ①陈述部分为be (充当系动词或助动词)时,简略问句中用相应形式的be (am, is are, was,were)。如:
I’m notlate, am I? 我没迟到,是吧?
They’replaying soccer on the playground, aren’t they? 他们在操场上踢足球,是不是?
  ②陈述部分含有情态动词或者助动词时,简略疑问部分该情态动词或助动词的相应形式。如:
You couldswim five years ago, couldn’t you? 你五年前就会游泳,是吗?
He has beenlearning English for four years, hasn’t he? 他一直学了四年英语,对吗?
We don’t goto work on Sundays, do we? 星期日我们不用上班,对不对?
  ③陈述部分没有be动词、情态动词或者助动词时,简略疑问部分须依据人称、数以及时态而使用助动词do, does或者did。如:
Neither ofthem complained, did they? 他俩都没抱怨,对吧?
You alwaysstay up late every night, don’t you? 你每天晚上都熬夜,是不是?
This picturelooks very nice, doesn’t it? 这画很好看,对吗?
 2. 简略否定问句中的not一般要和be、情、助等加以缩略。如:
She’s a computer programmer, isn’t she? 她是一位电脑程序设计员,对吗?
You ride to school every day, don’t you? 你每天骑车上学,是不是?
 3. 简略问句中的主语须是人称代词,且应和陈述句中的主语相一致。
  ①陈述部分的主语为something, anything, everything, nothing等表示事物的复合不定代词时,简略疑问部分的主语用it。如:
Nothinghappened, did it? 没发生什么事,对吧?
  ②陈述部分的主语为someone,somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one,nobody等表示人的复合不定代词时,简略疑问部分的主语通常用they(强调全部),有时也会用he(强调个体)。如:
Everyonewill come, won’t they? 大家都会来,是不是?
No one knowsthe answer, does he? 没人知道这个答案,对吧?
  ③陈述部分的主语为指示代词时,疑问部分的主语用it(单数)或they(复数)。如:
This is hisbook, isn’t it? 这是他的书,是吗?
Those aren’tcats, are they? 那些不是猫,对吧?
  ④非谓语动词及从句做主语时,疑问部分的主语用it。如:
Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes, isn’t it? 电视看多了对眼睛有害,对不对?
To do a good deed isn’t difficult, is it? 做件好事并不难,对吧?
What he said is true, isn't it? 他说的是真的,对吧?
⑤陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定,用we/you/they。如:
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 我和你都不是工程师,对吧?
Either you or he went shopping, didn’t you? 不是你就是他到买过东西,是吧?
⑥当陈述部分的主语是不定代词one 时,疑问部分的主语用one或you。如:
One can’t remember everything, can one/you ? 一个人不可能什么都记得住,对吧?
⑦若陈述部分的主语是“the +形容词”表一类人时,疑问部分的主语用they代替;若是表某一抽象概念时,疑问部分的主语用it代替。例如:
The rich are not always very happy,are they?有钱人并不总是很开心,对不对?
The young should respect the old,shouldn't they?年轻人应该尊重老年人,是吧?
The beautiful isn't always good,is it?漂亮的不总是好的,是不是?
4. 陈述部分为祈使句时,简略疑问句一般用will you(表示请求)或者won’t you(表示委婉请求或邀请)。如:
Please giveme a hand, will/won’t you? 帮帮我,行吗?
Don’t belate again, will/won’t you? 别再迟到了,好吗?
 5. 陈述部分如有never, hardly, few, little, no, nothing, none, no one, nobody,neither等否定词或者too…to…(太……而不能……)结构时,应视为否定陈述句。这也是各种考试中经常出现的热门考点之一。
Your sisteris too young to go to school, is she? 你妹妹年纪太小而上不了学,是吧?
His father said nothing, did he? 他父亲什么也没说,是不是?
6.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, ir-,dis-, -less等否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词语时,要视为肯定陈述句。如:
Your father is unhappy, isn’t he? 你父亲不高兴,是吧?
The man is dishonest, isn’t he? 这人不诚实,对不对?
He dislikes this movie, doesn’t he? 他不喜欢这部影片,是吗?
7.陈述部分为含宾语从句的主从复合句时,简略疑问部分的动词与主语须和主句中的动词与主语相一致。如:
Our teacher told us that we would have a test next week, didn’t he? 老师说我们下周要进行测验,对不对?
Li Ming wonders when they are going there, does he? 黎明想知道他们何时到那儿去。
8.陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用“may +主语”。如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我希望和你说说话,行吗?
反意疑问句中须特别注意的事项
1. 陈述部分为there be句型时,疑问部分仍然用there, 而不用人称代词。这也是各种考试中经常出现的热门考点之一。如:
There’re two lions in the zoo, aren’t there? 动物园里有两头狮子,是吗?
There will be a meeting this afternoon, won’t there?今天下午有个会议,是吗?
 2.陈述部分为“I am (或I’m)….”的肯定句结构时,简略疑问部分用“aren’t I”。如:
I’m yourteacher, aren’t I? 我是你们的老师,不是吗?
3.以Let’s (注意不是Let us)开头的祈使句,简略疑问部分用shall we(表示请求)或shan’t we(表示委婉请求或邀请)。这也是各种考试中经常出现的热门考点之一。如:
Let’s go outfor a walk, shall/shan’t we? 出去散散步,行吗?
 4. 陈述部分是“I/We think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句”时,简略疑问部分应和从句相一致,但须注意否定前移的现象。如:
I supposedLi Ming had closed the windows, hadn’t he? 我想李明已经关了窗户,是不是?
I don’tthink she’s right, is she? 我认为她不对,是不是?
5. 陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式;若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如:
You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?一年前你肯定在那儿工作,是吧?
Everyone may have known the death of his dog, haven’t they?大家可能已经知道他的狗死了,对不对?
6.有关have一词的反意疑问句。
①在陈述句中充当助动词时,疑问部分仍然用have。如:
The doctorhas already gone, hasn’t he? 医生已经走了,对不对?
  ②在陈述句中充当行为动词,表示“有,拥有”之意时,疑问部分可用have,也可用助动词do。如:
She hadthree apartments ten years ago, hadn’t/didn’t she? 十年前,她有三幢别墅,是吗?
  ③在陈述句中充当行为动词,表示“有,拥有”以外的意义时,疑问部分只可用助动词do。如:
Tom has hislunch at 12:30, doesn’t he? 汤姆12:30吃午饭,是吗?
  ④在情态动词have to 中时,疑问部分用助动词do。如:
We have to finish the work before 5:00, don’t we? 五点以前必须完成这事,是吧?
He had to go there, didn’t he? 他必须到哪儿去,对吧?
  ⑤在情态动词had better 中时,疑问部分用had。如:
He'd bettergo home now, hadn't he? 他最好现在就回家去,是吧?
 7. 有关情态动词must的反意疑问句。
  ①must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。如:
We must keepit as a secret, mustn’t we? 我们必须对此保守秘密,是吧?
  ②must表示“有必要”时,疑问部分用needn’t。如:
You mustleave a little earlier,needn’t you? 你有必要早点出发,对吗?
  ③must表示“一定、肯定”等推测意义时,疑问部分一般不用情态动词,而和must后的动词相一致。如:
He must bein the classroom ten minutes ago, wasn’t he? 十分钟前他肯定在教室,对不对?
He must play basketball very well, doesn’t he? 他篮球肯定打得很好,是吗?
8.陈述部分用used to (过去常常)时,疑问部分用did或used均可。例如:
He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he? 他曾经住在乡下,对吧?
注:当"used to…"后有联系动词"be"时,疑问部分既可用"usedn't,也可用wasn't/weren't. 例如:
They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they? 他们曾是好朋友,是吗?
There used to be a river there,usedn't/wasn't there?那儿曾经有条河,对不对?
9.含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用“shouldn't /oughtn't +主语”。例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't / shouldn't he? 他应该知道怎么办,是不是?
10.含情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分对应的用need 或dare。如:
We need not do it again, need we? 我们不必再做了,是吧?
You dare not say so, dare you? 你不敢说,是吗?
但是,当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do/does/did。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
11.感叹句的反意疑问句中,附加部分用 be 的一般现在时的否定式,主语则在逻辑上与感叹句保持一致。如:
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气,是吧?
How hard she works, isn't she? 她学习真努力,是不是?
12.can't 表示推测,作“不可能”解时,附加部分根据后的动词选用相应的形式。
He can't be a doctor, is he?他不可能是个医生,对吧?
The students can't have finished their work, have they? 学生不可能已经做完了作业,对不对?
13.当陈述部分是由"I'm sure that; I'm afraid that; We are sure that; We are afraid that; I feel sure that; I hope that; We feel sure that; It seems that"等句型构成时,因主要意思在从句,故疑问部分的主语要与从句的主语保持一致。例如:
I'm sure that you know him well,don't you?你肯定非常了解他,是吧?
It seems that you are an expert,aren't you?你好像是个专家,对吧?
14.若陈述部分是被动语态形式且带有动词定式做主语补足语时,其疑问部分中动词形式必须根据句意用不同的时态,分述如下:
① 若有表过去的时间状语或者谓语动词是过去是时态,疑问部分助动词did构成。例如:
He is said to have finished the research work last year, didn't he?
②若谓语是一般现在时或主语补足语含有be动词时,则疑问部分用be的适当形式。例如:
She is said to be running a big company, isn't she?
③若谓语是一般现在时且主语补足语是完成式时,则疑问部分用have的适当形式。例如:
They are said to have read that book, haven't they?
15.当陈述部分有"It is said(told, reported, believed等)+that clause"时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分要与从句中的主谓语保持一致。例如:
It is reported that the police caught the thief yesterday, didn't they?
It is said that she has won the first placein this competition, hasn't she?
16.若陈述部分含有由连词"but,and,or,for"等构成的并列句时,则反意疑问句的疑问部分要根据第二个分句的主谓语来决定。例如:He failed many times, but he succeeded at last, didn't he?
He is a doctor,but his wife is a teacher, isn't she?
I speak Chinese,but he speaks English, doesn't he?
We must hurry,or we will be late for class, won't we?
She studies hard,for it is the third time that shehas been praised,isn't it?
17.当陈述部分的主语有缩写形式 'd时,要分清是would, could, should还是had的缩写形式;若有缩写形式 's时,要分清是is 还是has 的缩写。这也是各种考试中经常出现的热门考点之一。例如:
You'd like to go with her, wouldn't you? (You'd=you would)
He'd rather die than give in, wouldn't he? (He'd=he would)
Mary's coming tomorrow, isn't she? (Mary's=Mary is)
Peter's heard the news, hasn't she? (Peter's=Peter has)
She's used to living in the country, isn't she (She's=She is)
18.在反意疑问句中,疑问部分用缩略形式。但有时,在很正式的语体中,为了特殊强调,可以不用缩略形式,不过不常用。例如:
He is very strong, is he not?
反意疑问句的答语
  回答反意疑问句时,不管问题是何种提法,若事实是肯定的,用yes回答;若事实是否定的,就用no来回答。这也是各种考试中经常出现的热门考点之一。如:
1.----He likes dogs, doesn’t he? 他喜欢狗,是不是?
----Yes, hedoes. 是的,他喜欢狗。(事实是肯定的)
----No, hedoesn’t. 不,他不喜欢狗。(事实是否定的)
2.----He isn‘t a doctor, is he ? 他不是医生,是吗?
----Yes, heis .不,他是医生。(事实是肯定的)
----No, heisn't. 是的,他不是医生。(事实是否定的)
反意疑问句的语调
  反意疑问句的陈述部分读降调,简略疑问部分则应视具体情况用升调或降调,具体规律如下:
 1. 说话人对陈述部分的说法把握性较大,即不需要对方提供情况,只是希望得到对方的同意时,简略疑问部分用降调。如:
  当一个人看到天空中乌云密布时,他就会这样说:It’s going to ↘rain, ↘isn’t it?
 2. 说话人对陈述部分的说法把握性不大,即自己尚不清楚所陈述的是否真实,要求对方加以证实时,简略疑问部分用升调。
当一个人在当天早上的天气预报中听说午后到傍晚有雷阵雨,但是在15点的时候,天空中还是没有会下雨的迹象,他可能就会这样说:It’s going to↘rain, ↗isn’t it?

一、什么是反意疑问句

英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

二、反意疑问句用法说明

◇注意:

反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是,“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”

简略问句如果是否定式,not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写

简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词

当说话者的目的不在疑问,而是为了加强语气时,用降调
当说话者的目的在疑问,则用升调

陈述部分含“too...to”时,是否定句

1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(我希望可以和你说话,可以吗?)

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?

12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句�
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we(或用shan't we) ?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you(或won't you)?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we(或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或won't you)?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?

19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

21)当主句是由so引起的一个句子,而且译为“这么说来”时,疑问部分的谓语形式(肯定或否定)应与主句保持一致。
So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing ,hasn't he?

『补:Let's和Let us的区别』

◇1.Let's是Let us的缩写。包括说话人和听话人双方在内,含有催促、建议或请对方一起行动的意思。在听话人表示赞同建议时可只用Let's.如:
---Shall we go by train?
---Yes,let's.

◇2.当请求对方允许自己(第一人称复数)做某事时,要用Let us,这里的 us 不包括听话对方在内,不能缩写为Let's.
如两个同学对老师说:
Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
让我俩给你移动一下书架。

◇3.两者在构成附加疑问句时,方法不同。如:
Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影,好吗?
Let us go to see the film,will you?
让我们去看电影,好吗?
『当陈述句部分有情态动词must时,反意疑问部分有四种情况 』
(1)must表示“必须、禁止“时,反意疑问部分要用must (mustn’t) 。
例 You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
(2)must表示“有必要”时,反意疑问句部分要用needn’t。
例 They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时,反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
例 He must be good at maths, isn’t he? 他数学一定学得很好,是吗?
(4)当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”(must + have done)时,如强调对过去情况的推测(一般句中有过去的时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“didn’t + 主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。
例 She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗

快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that, 主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you?
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must表"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句

反意疑问句的回答

对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。

例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?

---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。

---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?

---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加

反意疑问句
一、什么是反意疑问句

英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

二、反意疑问句用法说明

◇注意:

反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是,“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”

简略问句如果是否定式,not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写

简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词

当说话者的目的不在疑问,而是为了加强语气时,用降调
当说话者的目的在疑问,则用升调

陈述部分含“too...to”时,是否定句

1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(我希望可以和你说话,可以吗?)

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?

12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句�
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we(或用shan't we) ?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you(或won't you)?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we(或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或won't you)?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?

19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

21)当主句是由so引起的一个句子,而且译为“这么说来”时,疑问部分的谓语形式(肯定或否定)应与主句保持一致。
So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing ,hasn't he?

『补:Let's和Let us的区别』

◇1.Let's是Let us的缩写。包括说话人和听话人双方在内,含有催促、建议或请对方一起行动的意思。在听话人表示赞同建议时可只用Let's.如:
---Shall we go by train?
---Yes,let's.

◇2.当请求对方允许自己(第一人称复数)做某事时,要用Let us,这里的 us 不包括听话对方在内,不能缩写为Let's.
如两个同学对老师说:
Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
让我俩给你移动一下书架。

◇3.两者在构成附加疑问句时,方法不同。如:
Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影,好吗?
Let us go to see the film,will you?
让我们去看电影,好吗?
『当陈述句部分有情态动词must时,反意疑问部分有四种情况 』
(1)must表示“必须、禁止“时,反意疑问部分要用must (mustn’t) 。
例 You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
(2)must表示“有必要”时,反意疑问句部分要用needn’t。
例 They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时,反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
例 He must be good at maths, isn’t he? 他数学一定学得很好,是吗?
(4)当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”(must + have done)时,如强调对过去情况的推测(一般句中有过去的时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“didn’t + 主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。
例 She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗

快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that, 主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you?
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must表"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句

反意疑问句的回答

对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。

例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?

---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。

---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?

---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加

一、什么叫反意疑问句:

英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

二、特殊形式的反意疑问句归纳:
一、There be 句型陈述句比较特殊, 其附加疑问句的结构为there be的倒装,不带句子主语。

例如:There is something wrong with the computer, isn't there? 这台电脑有点毛病,是不是?

There aren't any fish in the river, are there? 这条河里没有鱼, 是吗?

二、当陈述部分的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, nobody, no one, none, anyone, somebody等合成不定代词时, 在非正式文体中,附加疑问句中的主语通常用he或they。例如:Someone opened the door, didn't he/they? 有人开了门,是不是?

Nobody went to the cinema, did they? 没人去看电影,是吗?

三、当陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, something, anything等合成词,附加疑问句中的主语用it。

例如:Nothing serious happened, did it? 什么事情也没有发生,对吗?

Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切准备就绪了,不是吗?

四、当陈述部分的谓语动词是am的肯定形式时,附加疑问句的谓语动词用aren't,而不用am not;当陈述部分的谓语动词为am not时,附加疑问句的谓语仍用am。

例如:I am five years younger than you, aren't I? 我比你小五岁,不是吗?

I am not late, am I? 我没有迟到,对吗?

五、当陈述部分带有few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody等表示否定或半否定意义的词时,附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式。

例如: The old man can hardly read, can he? 这位老人不识字,对吗?

Little food has been left, has it? 吃的东西几乎没剩下,是吗?

He has few good friends, has he? 他几乎没有要好的朋友,是不是?

六、当陈述句部分带有否定前缀的词时,此陈述句当作肯定句,其后的附加部分用否定形式。例如:The students were impolite, weren't they? 那些学生没有礼貌,不是吗?

It's illegal to drive a car without a license, isn't it? 没有驾照开车是违章的,不是吗?

※含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构,但是习惯上还是用肯定结构。

例如:You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?

七、当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系,但如果陈述句是主从复合句而主句的谓语是动词I(we) + think, believe, suppose, imagine, except, reckon, fancy等词时,附加部分应与从句中的谓语在时态上保持一致,而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

例如:I suppose you are not serious, are you? 我想你不是当真吧,是吗?(不可用don't I?)

We think they have finished their homework, haven't they?

我们认为他们已经完成了家庭作业,不是吗?

疑问句是问一些事情的,可分为:一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
一、一般疑问句
一般疑问句也可称为 “yes / no questions”,因这种问句通常用yes / no来回答,相当于汉语中的“……吗?”其语序是:系动词be / 助动词/ 情态动词+主语+其他成分?如:
Are you from Japan?
Yes I am. / No I'm not.
Is her sister doing her homework now?
Yes she is. / No she isn't.
Does he work in a bank?
Yes he does. / No he doesn't.
Do you live near your school?
Yes I do. / No I don't.
Can you speak French?
Yes I can. / No I can't.
May I go home now?
Yes you may. / No you mustn't.
注意:
1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am is are …)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:
I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →
Are you in Class 2Grade 1?
We're watching TV. →
Are you watching TV?
2.陈述句中有情态动词(can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:
He can swim now. →
Can he swim now?
The children may come with us. → May the children come with us?
3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如:
I like these animals. →
Do you like these animals?
She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies?
4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)
5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:
Are they in town now?
I think so.
May I sit here?
Certainly.
Does he like soccer?
Sorry I don't know.
二、特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。
特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?如:
who is singing in the room?
whose bike is broken?
2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序? 如:
what class are you in?
What does she look like?
Where are you from?
What time does he get up every morning?
How do you know?
注意:
1.回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:
Who is from Canada?
Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant?
Near the station.
Why do you like koalas?
Because they are cute.
2.特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓)。

You are a student,aren't you?
上面那句就是反义疑问句,中文可以理解成明知故问。

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